Search results for "MANNITOL"
showing 10 items of 49 documents
Hypertonic fluid resuscitation from subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats: A comparison between small volume resuscitation and mannitol
2005
Abstract Objective Death and severe morbidity after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are mainly caused by global cerebral ischemia through increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF). We have recently demonstrated neuroprotective effects of small volume resuscitation (7.5% saline in combination with 6% dextran 70) in an animal model of SAH, leading to normalization of increased ICP, reduced morphological damage and improved neurological recovery. In the present study, we compared the concept of small volume resuscitation represented by two clinically licenced hypertonic–hyperoncotic saline solutions with the routinely used hyperosmotic agent–mannitol–and inves…
Glucose-induced alterations of cytosolic free calcium in cultured rat tail artery vascular smooth muscle cells
1995
We have previously suggested that hyperglycemia per se may contribute to diabetic hypertensive and vascular disease by altering cellular ion content. To more directly investigate the potential role of glucose in this process, we measured cytosolic free calcium in primary cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells isolated from Sprague-Dawley rat tail artery before and after incubation with 5 (basal), 10, 15, and 20 mM glucose. Glucose significantly elevated cytosolic free calcium in a dose- and time-dependent manner, from 110.0 +/- 5.4 to 124.5 +/- 9.0, 192.7 +/- 20.4, and 228.4 +/- 21.9 nM at 5, 10, 15, and 20 mM glucose concentrations, respectively. This glucose-induced cytosolic free calci…
Time course of development of transtubular sodium concentration differences in proximal surface tubules of the rat kidney. Micropuncture experiments …
1969
Int the proximal and distal surface tubules isotonic Na reabsorption (Φ Naout) is impaired by adrenalectomy. In the present experiments the time course of development of transtubular Na concentration differences (Na)P−(Na)TF was studied in the proximal convolution. 1. Na concentration was measured in free flow mannitol diuresis. Endproximal (Na)P−(Na)TF averaged 23.0±0.5 meq/l after 8.5±0.6 sec (controls) and 15.2±1.7 meq/l after 13.6±0.5 sec (adrenalectomized rats). 2. In modified stopped flow experiments tubular fluid, aspirated at the beginning of the proximal convolution in mannitol diuresis, was injected between two oil columnes and reaspirated after 28–36 sec of contact time. (Na)P−(N…
Impact of excipient choice on the aerodynamic performance of inhalable spray-freeze-dried powders
2020
Abstract Spray-freeze-drying (SFD) is a process in which a solution is dispersed into a freezing medium and dried by sublimation, resulting in lyophilized powders with spherical particles. This study aims at screening and evaluating the impact of the excipient choice and spray solution characteristics in SFD on the physico-chemical characteristics of lyospheres and rate their suitability for producing pulmonary applicable powders using a novel SFD method. A monodisperse droplet-stream was injected into a vortex of cold gas for the production of inhalable, uniform spherical lyophilisates with a narrow particle size distribution. Model solutions containing graded contents (0.3%, 1.0%, and 3.0…
Jet-vortex spray freeze drying for the production of inhalable lyophilisate powders
2016
Abstract Spray-freeze-dried powders were suggested for nasal, epidermal (needle-free injection) or pulmonary application of proteins, peptides or nucleic acids. In spray-freeze-drying processes an aqueous solution is atomized into a refrigerant medium and subsequently dried by sublimation. Droplet-stream generators produce a fast stream of monodisperse droplets, where droplets are subject to collisions and therefore the initial monodispersity is lost and droplets increase in diameter, which reduces their suitability for pulmonary application. In jet-vortex-freezing, a droplet-stream is injected into a vortex of cold process gas to prevent droplet collisions. Both the injection position of t…
Bioaccumulation of selenium-by fruit origin lactic acid bacteria in tropical fermented fruit juices
2021
Abstract Adequate fruit consumption helps to prevent several chronic age-related diseases. Selenium (Se) is an elemental micronutrient with antioxidant capacity. In general, fruits and Se ingest by humans are below the recommended daily intake value. Fresh fruits are highly susceptible to deterioration during storage. Fermentation can improve the storage period, sensory profile, and bioactive compound content of foods; moreover, some lactic acid bacteria can accumulate organic Se intracellularly. In this work, microbial growth and Se accumulation by Levilactobacillus brevis CRL2051 and Fructobacillus tropaeoli CRL2034 in tropical fruit juices were evaluated. The strains could grow 1–2 log c…
Oxidative stress in olive in vitro culture: effects of organized development and mass propagation of Biancolilla and Cerasuola cvs.
2006
The in vitro culture of olive explants very often results in poor growth and reduced proliferation of axillary buds. Many different factors have been considered and in many cases the unusual, for this species, surrounding environment has been held responsible for the scarce results obtained. Recently oxidative stresses have also been investigated and among the different factors involved, wounding, sterilisation, nutritional components and culture environment were claimed as main stress-inducing agents. This experiment reports on a preliminary study on two important Sicilian varieties, Biancolilla and Cerasuola, aiming to find the existing relationships among olive explant growth and prolife…
Accumulation of monoterpenes in shoot-proliferation cultures of Lavandula latifolia Med.
1993
Abstract We studied the effect of osmotic stress (induced by the addition of mannitol to the culture medium) and abscisic acid (ABA) addition on monoterpene accumulative capability in shoot proliferating cultures of Lavandula latifolia Med. The highest shoot elongation was achieved when the elongation medium contained sucrose (3%). Increasing the medium osmolarity or adding 25–50 μM ABA in shoot elongation cultures resulted in a significant increase in monoterpene accumulation in the regenerated shoots. These monoterpenes are qualitatively similar to those produced by the parent plants. Regulation of the conditions that limit the growth in shoot proliferation cultures of L. latifolia should…
Gef��- und Tubulusweite der Niere bei osmotischer und Wasserdiurese und nach Theophyllininjektionen
1960
The effects of i.v. administered hypertonic solutions (6-fold isotonic solutions of NaCl, sodium sulfate, glucose and mannitol) theophylline (25 mg/kg) and vasopressin (50 mE/kg) on the blood pressure, cortical kidney vessel blood content and tubulus dilatation were studied in large groups of mice. The blood pressure and blood content effects after i.p. injection of 10% NaCl solution and the blood content during water diuresis were also investigated. The kidney vessel blood content was determined through benzidine stained erythrocytes in kidney slices. An increase in blood content as compared to corresponding controls was consistently noted after i.v. injection of 6-fold isotonic solutions …
Partially Quarternized Amino Functional Poly(methacrylate) Terpolymers: Versatile Drug Permeability Modifiers
2011
Partially quarternized poly(methacrylate) terpolymers (Q-BBMCs) have been synthesized, based on the basic butylated methacrylate copolymer (BBMC/EUDRAGIT E), an excipient approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and to date mainly applied for tablet coatings. Via straightforward polymer modification reactions, a series of Q-BBMCs with quarternization degrees of 22%, 42%, and 65% has been prepared. Apical to basolateral transport across Caco-2 cell monolayers was investigated, employing the paracellular transported compounds trospium and mannitol. At pH 6.5 quarternization resulted in increased permeation enhancement up to 2.8-fold compared to BBMC, that is, up to 7.3-fold compared…