Search results for "MESH : Male"
showing 10 items of 84 documents
Discrete and effortful imagined movements do not specifically activate the autonomic nervous system.
2009
International audience; BACKGROUND: The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is activated in parallel with the motor system during cyclical and effortful imagined actions. However, it is not clear whether the ANS is activated during motor imagery of discrete movements and whether this activation is specific to the movement being imagined. Here, we explored these topics by studying the baroreflex control of the cardiovascular system. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded in ten subjects who executed or imagined trunk or leg movements against gravity. Trunk and leg movements result in different physiological reactions (orthostatic hypotension phenomenon) whe…
Grape seed and skin extract reduces pancreas lipotoxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation in high fat diet fed rats.
2016
IF 2.326; International audience; Obesity is related to an elevated risk of diabetes and the mechanisms whereby fat adversely affects the pancreas are poorly understood. We studied the effect of a high fat diet (HFD) on pancreas steatosis, oxidative stress and inflammation as well as the putative protection afforded by grape seed and skin extract (GSSE). HFD induced body weight gain, without affecting insulinemia, nor glycemia and dropped adiponectemia. HFD also provoked the ectopic deposition of cholesterol and triglyceride, and an oxidative stress characterized by increased lipoperoxidation and carbonylation, inhibition of antioxidant enzyme activities such as CAT, GPx and SOD, depletion …
General oxidative stress during doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats: Absence of cardioprotection and low antioxidant efficiency of alpha-lipoi…
2012
International audience; To evaluate the effects of alpha-lipoic acid (AL) in a model of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity, male Wistar rats were treated with DOX (1 mg/kg/d; 10 d) in combination or not with AL (50 mg/kg/d; 15 d). Plasma oxidative stress was determined by hydroperoxides (ROOH) and the ascorbyl radical/ascorbate ratio. One and two months later, the functional parameters of the hearts were determined in vivo by catheterization and cardiac oxidative stress was assessed by malonedialdehyde (MDA) and O₂*⁻ (dihydroethidium fluorescence) content in tissue. After two months, body weight was higher in the DOX-AL group than in DOX (+16%), but this was due to ascites. Histologic…
Smoking and FOS expression from blood leukocyte transcripts in patients with coronary artery disease.
2011
International audience; OBJECTIVE: Analysis of the leukocyte transriptome, in particular the Finkel-Biskis-Jinkins Osteosarcoma (c-Fos) gene, which has a prominent role in inflammation, provides new insights into atherosclerosis mechanisms. Although smoking is a major risk factor, the links between smoking status and coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unclear. We aimed to analyze the relationship between smoking status and c-Fos expression in circulating leukocytes of patients with CAD. METHODS: c-Fos expression was measured by RT-Q-PCR, from blood leukocytes of 239 consecutive patients after acute myocardial infarction (MI). The patients were asked about their smoking status and stratif…
Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce retinal stress induced by an elevation of intraocular pressure in rats.
2011
International audience; N-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to prevent tissue release of inflammatory molecules. We have shown that a combination of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs is more efficient than single supplementations on the long-term consequences of intraocular pressure elevation. We hypothesized that such an association is also more effective during early retinal stress by modifying retinal proinflammatory prostaglandin and cytokine productions. Rats were supplemented for 3 months with n-6 PUFAs, n-3 PUFAs, or both n-6 and n-3 PUFAs. After 3 months, a surgical elevation of intraocular pressure was induced. Retinal morphometry and glial cell activation were evaluate…
Olfactory bulbectomy, but not odor conditioned aversion, induces the differentiation of immature neurons in the adult rat piriform cortex.
2011
International audience; The piriform cortex layer II of young-adult rats presents a population of prenatally generated cells, which express immature neuronal markers, such as the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) or doublecortin (DCX), and display structural characteristics of immature neurons. The number of PSA-NCAM/DCX expressing cells in this region decreases markedly as age progresses, suggesting that these cells differentiate or die. Since the piriform cortex receives a major input from the olfactory bulb and participates in olfactory information processing, it is possible that the immature neurons in layer II are affected by manipulations of the olfac…
Cardiac rehabilitation and 5-year mortality after acute coronary syndromes: The 2005 French FAST-MI study.
2016
IF 2.271; International audience; Background. - Clinical studies have shown a beneficial effect of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on mortality.Objective. - To study the effect of CR prescription at discharge on 5-year mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods. - Participants, from the 2005 French FAST-MI hospital registry, were 2894 survivors at discharge, divided according to AMI type: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI; n=1523) and non-STEMI (NSTEMI; n=1371). The effect of CR prescription on mortality was analysed using a Cox proportional hazards model.Results. - At discharge, 22.1% of patients had a CR prescription. Patients referred to CR were youn…
Tenectin is a novel alphaPS2betaPS integrin ligand required for wing morphogenesis and male genital looping in Drosophila.
2010
International audience; Morphogenesis of the adult structures of holometabolous insects is regulated by ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones and involves cell-cell interactions mediated in part by the cell surface integrin receptors and their extracellular matrix (ECM) ligands. These adhesion molecules and their regulation by hormones are not well characterized. We describe the gene structure of a newly described ECM molecule, tenectin, and demonstrate that it is a hormonally regulated ECM protein required for proper morphogenesis of the adult wing and male genitalia. Tenectin's function as a new ligand of the PS2 integrins is demonstrated by both genetic interactions in the fly and by cell s…
Orofacial reactivity to the sight and smell of food stimuli. Evidence for anticipatory liking related to food reward cues in overweight children.
2012
International audience; Whether food liking may be a risk factor of overconsumption and overweight/obesity remains a controversial issue. So far, most studies used subjective reports to assess consummatory behavior, approaches that might overlook subtle or implicit hedonic changes to sensory properties of foods. Therefore, we used a cue-exposure approach by recording different measures of hedonic processes (orofacial reactivity, self-rated pleasantness, food preference) in 6-11 years old overweight (n=20) and normal-weight (n=20) children. Children were exposed to the smell and sight of high and low-energy density food stimuli and to non-food stimuli during pre- and post-prandial states. Th…
A role for the peroxisomal 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase B enzyme in the control of PPARα-mediated upregulation of SREBP-2 target genes in the liver.: ThB …
2011
International audience; Peroxisomal 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase B (Thb) catalyzes the final step in the peroxisomal β-oxidation of straight-chain acyl-CoAs and is under the transcription control of the nuclear hormone receptor PPARα. PPARα binds to and is activated by the synthetic compound Wy14,643 (Wy). Here, we show that the magnitude of Wy-mediated induction of peroxisomal β-oxidation of radiolabeled (1-(14)C) palmitate was significantly reduced in mice deficient for Thb. In contrast, mitochondrial β-oxidation was unaltered in Thb(-/-) mice. Given that Wy-treatment induced Acox1 and MFP-1/-2 activity at a similar level in both genotypes, we concluded that the thiolase step alone was respons…