Search results for "METABOLISM"
showing 10 items of 5614 documents
Corrigendum to “Management of undescended testes: European Association of Urology/European Society for Paediatric Urology Guidelines” [J Pediatr Urol…
2017
Cytoplasmic incompatibility between Old and New World populations of a tramp ant
2020
Reproductive manipulation by endosymbiotic Wolbachia can cause unequal inheritance, allowing the manipulator to spread and potentially impacting evolutionary dynamics in infected hosts. Tramp and invasive species are excellent models to study the dynamics of host-Wolbachia associations because introduced populations often diverge in their microbiomes after colonizing new habitats, resulting in infection polymorphisms between native and introduced populations. Ants are the most abundant group of insects on earth, and numerous ant species are classified as highly invasive. However, little is known about the role of Wolbachia in these ecologically dominant insects. Here, we provide the first d…
Happens in the best of subfamilies: establishment and repeated replacements of co-obligate secondary endosymbionts within Lachninae aphids.
2016
SummaryVirtually all aphids maintain an obligate mutualistic symbiosis with bacteria from theBuchneragenus, which produce essential nutrients for their aphid hosts. Most aphids from the Lachninae subfamily have been consistently found to house additional endosymbionts, mainlySerratia symbiotica. This apparent dependence on secondary endosymbionts was proposed to have been triggered by the loss of the riboflavin biosynthetic capability byBuchnerain the Lachninae last common ancestor. However, an integral large-scale analysis of secondary endosymbionts in the Lachninae is still missing, hampering the interpretation of the evolutionary and genomic analyses of these endosymbionts. Here, we anal…
Détection cérébrale du glucose, plasticité neuronale et métabolisme énergétique
2017
Resume L’apport d’energie est, dans la plupart des cas extremement, bien controle et est ajuste aux depenses d’energie d’un individu donne, c’est ce que l’on nomme l’homeostasie energetique. Cet equilibre repose en grande partie sur la capacite du systeme nerveux central a evaluer le statut energetique de l’organisme, en integrant differents signaux provenant de la peripherie dont le glucose. Cette revue porte sur les decouvertes recentes concernant l’identification des differents mecanismes cellulaires et moleculaires, des types cellulaires et de leur phenotype, des reseaux neuronaux et de leur plasticite. Ainsi il est maintenant etabli qu’il existe differents types de neurones repondant, …
Qualité de l’évaluation de l’état nutritionnel et évaluation de l’observance des compléments nutritionnels oraux chez des patients hospitalisés au CH…
2018
Introduction et but de l’etude A l’hopital, la mise en place d’une complementation nutritionnelle orale (CNO) intervient lorsque les apports energetiques et/ou proteiques des patients ne sont pas atteints et que l’enrichissement de l’alimentation ne suffit pas selon les criteres specifiques de la HAS (2007). L’objectif ici est d’evaluer les pratiques professionnelles autour du suivi de l’etat nutritionnel des patients avant, pendant et apres leur hospitalisation et de faire l’etat des lieux de la consommation reelle de CNO et de leur representation par les patients. Materiel et methodes Une etude prospective a ete realisee dans les services d’endocrinologie et de chirurgie digestive. L’eval…
Système endocannabinoïde : effets sur le métabolisme glucidique, mais aussi lipidique
2016
Resume Le systeme endocannabinoide (SEC) est compose de recepteurs couples aux proteines G : Cannabinoid type 1-receptor (CB 1 -R) et Cannabinoid type 2-receptor (CB 2 -R), de leurs ligands endogenes (anandamide [AEA], et 2-acylglycerol [2-AG]), et des enzymes responsables de leur synthese et de leur degradation. Bien que les recepteurs CB 1 -R et CB 2 -R furent initialement decrits au niveau du systeme nerveux central, ils sont presents dans de nombreux tissus peripheriques, ou ils sont impliques dans le metabolisme, la croissance, et l’inflammation. Apres le retrait commercial du rimonabant, pour des effets secondaires psychiatriques, un agoniste inverse du recepteur CB 1 (CB 1 -R), desti…
What are the determinants of adherence to the mediterranean diet?
2021
Current evidence suggests that adherence to traditional dietary patterns are slowly disappearing in favour of a globalised market, in which higher availability of processed, ready-to-use, energy-dense foods undermines the consumption of fresh, locally produced goods ... When exploring the nutritional quality of processed foods, excess content in added free sugars, saturated and hydrogenated fats, together with scarcity in fibre and vitamins, ...
2021
Proteins play a crucial role in metabolism, in maintaining fluid and acid-base balance and antibody synthesis. Dietary proteins are important nutrients and are classified into: 1) animal proteins (meat, fish, poultry, eggs and dairy), and, 2) plant proteins (legumes, nuts and soy). Dietary modification is one of the most important lifestyle changes that has been shown to significantly decrease the risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) by attenuating related risk factors. The CVD burden is reduced by optimum diet through replacement of unprocessed meat with low saturated fat, animal proteins and plant proteins. In view of the available evidence, it has become acceptable to emphasize the …
Association between parental feeding practices and shared family meals. The Food4toddlers study
2020
Background Parental feeding practices and family meals are important determinants for infants' diet and health. Still, there is no previous research of the association between feeding practices and family meals in infants. Objective Explore potential associations between feeding practices and family meals among infants. Design We present cross-sectional results (baseline) from the Food4toddlers study. In total 298 parents of 1-year-olds, recruited from all over Norway, filled in a questionnaire regarding frequency of shared family meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) and feeding practices using the validated instrument Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire. Logistic regression was used …
2016
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein (AIP) founder mutation R304* (or p.R304* ; NM_003977.3:c.910C>T, p.Arg304Ter) identified in Northern Ireland (NI) predisposes to acromegaly/gigantism; its population health impact remains unexplored. We measured R304* carrier frequency in 936 Mid Ulster, 1,000 Greater Belfast (both in NI) and 2,094 Republic of Ireland (ROI) volunteers and in 116 NI or ROI acromegaly/gigantism patients. Carrier frequencies were 0.0064 in Mid Ulster (95%CI = 0.0027-0.013; P = 0.0005 vs. ROI), 0.001 in Greater Belfast (0.00011-0.0047) and zero in ROI (0-0.0014). R304* prevalence was elevated in acromegaly/gigantism patients in NI (11/87, 12.6%, P < 0.05), but n…