Search results for "MITO"
showing 10 items of 2513 documents
Hemmung der Adenosintriphosphatase durch Colchicin
1951
The ATPase activity is inhibited by Colchicin in concentrations of 10−3 m and 10−4 m at a rate of 40 to 20 %, but in no way in the range of 10−7 m and 10−8 m, where Colchicin exerts its typical spindle-blocking action on the mitotic cell division. It is therefore no evidence, that Colchicin acts by influence on the energy yielding ATP-ATPase system, which was proposed to be responsible for the spindle contraction.
A new class of organic nitrates: investigations on bioactivation, tolerance and cross-tolerance phenomena
2009
Background and purpose: The chronic use of organic nitrates is limited by serious side effects including oxidative stress, nitrate tolerance and/or endothelial dysfunction. The side effects and potency of nitroglycerine depend on mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH-2). We sought to determine whether this concept can be extended to a new class of organic nitrates with amino moieties (aminoalkyl nitrates). Experimental approach: Vasodilator potency of the organic nitrates, in vitro tolerance and in vivo tolerance (after continuous infusion for 3 days) were assessed in wild-type and ALDH-2 knockout mice by isometric tension studies. Mitochondrial oxidative stress was analysed by L-012…
A new method for the cytochemical demonstration ofp-diphenol: O2 oxidoreductase (laccase)
1971
Nachweis des Enzymsp-Diphenol: O2 oxidoreductase (Laccase) in den Zellen der PilzeAspergillus fumigatus, Aureobasidium pullulans undNeurospora sitophila durch einen Azofarbstoff, der mittels Kupplung des enzymatisch gebildetenp-Chinons mitBesthorn's Hydrazon(3-Methyl-benzthiazolon(2)-hydrazon-hydrochlorid) entsteht. Als Substrat wird Hydrochinon verwendet. Der Farbstoff wird in runden, rotbraunen Granula abgelagert. Kontrollreaktionen bestatigen die Spezifitat der Reaktion.
Shikonin reduces oedema induced by phorbol ester by interfering with IκBα degradation thus inhibiting translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus
2010
Background and purpose In the present paper we studied the effect of shikonin on ear oedema induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), and determined the mechanisms through which shikonin might exert its topical anti-inflammatory action. Experimental approach Acute ear oedema was induced in mice by topical application of TPA. The in vitro assays used macrophages RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, protein kinase Calpha, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), phosphorylated ERK (pERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), pJNK, p38, p-p38, p65, p-p65, inhibitor protein of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) …
Mitochondrial Toxicity in HAART: An Overview of In Vitro Evidence
2011
The combined antiretroviral therapeutic approach currently employed for the treatment of HIV infection, known as Higly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), has dramatically reduced AIDS-related morbidity and mortality. However, the adverse reactions associated with the long term use of this therapy have now become a major issue and researchers have focused on understanding the cellular mechanisms underlying these drug-induced detrimental effects which englobe a large list of different events including rash and hypersensibility reactions, hepatotoxicity, metabolic disturbances including lipodystrophy, and other metabolic syndrome-like disturbances such as hyperlactatemia, hyperlipedimia, i…
Mitochondrial biogenesis in health and disease. Molecular and therapeutic approaches.
2014
Mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) is the essential mechanism by which cells control the number of mitochondria. Cells respond to different physiologic, metabolic, and pathologic changes by regulating this organelle with high morphological and functional adaptability. A considerable number of proteins, transcription factors, upstream regulatory proteins and secondary mechanisms are involved in MB and the stabilization of new mitochondrial DNA. These MB activators and regulators, including the main participating proteins (e.g. PGC-1α and mtTFA), are candidates for therapeutic intervention in diverse diseases, like neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic syndrome, sarcopenia, cardiac pathophysiolo…
Enhanced oxidative stress and increased mitochondrial mass during Efavirenz-induced apoptosis in human hepatic cells
2010
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Efavirenz (EFV) is widely used in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Though highly efficient, there is growing concern about EFV-related side effects, the molecular basis of which remains elusive. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In vitro studies were performed to address the effect of clinically relevant concentrations of EFV (10, 25 and 50 µM) on human hepatic cells. KEY RESULTS Cellular proliferation and viability were reduced in a concentration-dependent manner. Analyses of the cell cycle and several cell death parameters (chromatin condensation, phosphatidylserine exteriorization, mitochondrial proapoptotic protein translocation and caspase activation) revealed that EFV trig…
Development and Partial Characterization of a Human T-Lymphoblastic Leukemic (CCRF-CEM) Cell Line Resistant to Etoposide. Analysis of Possible Circum…
1996
We have selected an etoposide-resistant variant (CCRF-CEM/VP-16) of the human T-lymphoblastic CCRF-CEM leukemia for study. Resistance to the topoisomerase II (topo II) inhibitor was about 11-fold and stable. Other data revealed that the new cell line had acquired an atypical, non-P-glycoprotein overexpressing multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotype with cross-resistance to other topo II inhibitors (amsacrine, doxorubicin, and mitoxantrone) and to glucocorticoids, but not to novobiocin, ICRF-187, vincristine or cisplatin. In a first instance, we assumed that altered drug-topo II interactions, based on quantitative and/or qualitative modifications of the enzyme, are a cause of resistance in the c…
Mitochondrial function and energy metabolism in neuronal HT22 cells resistant to oxidative stress
2014
Background and Purpose The hippocampal cell line HT22 is an excellent model for studying the consequences of endogenous oxidative stress. Extracellular glutamate depletes cellular glutathione by blocking the glutamate/cystine antiporter system xc−. Glutathione depletion induces a well-defined programme of cell death characterized by an increase in reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction. Experimental Approach We compared the mitochondrial shape, the abundance of mitochondrial complexes and the mitochondrial respiration of HT22 cells, selected based on their resistance to glutamate, with those of the glutamate-sensitive parental cell line. Key Results Glutamate-resistant mitoch…
Antigen-distribution in rat liver mitochondria.
1962
I mitocondri di fegato di ratto possiedono almeno tre gruppi di antigeni, dei quali uno e esclusivamente legato alle membrane mitocondriali, uno e presente nella frazione solubile in 0,3% desossicolato di sodio ed un altro, che, sebbene principalmente localizzato nelle membrane, e anche dimostrabile nella frazione desossicolato solubile.