Search results for "MITO"
showing 10 items of 2513 documents
Beneficial effects of l-carnitine in myoblastic C2C12 cells
2003
L-Carnitine is a key molecule in the transfer of fatty acid across mitochondrial membranes. Bioavailable L-carnitine is either provided by an endogeneous biosynthesis or after intestinal absorption of dietary items containing L-carnitine. After intestinal absorption or hepatic biosynthesis, L-carnitine is transferred to organs whose metabolism is dependent upon fatty acid oxidation, such as skeletal muscle. To cross the muscle plasma membrane, there are several transporters involved. Among those transporters, OCTN2 is actually the only one to have been clearly characterized. Zidovudine is a commonly used inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication. Zidovudine has many side e…
The carbon monoxide-releasing molecule CORM-2 inhibits the inflammatory response induced by cytokines in Caco-2 cells
2007
Background and purpose: Recent evidence indicates that carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) exhibit potential anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we have investigated whether tricarbonyl dichloro ruthenium(II) dimer (CORM-2) can control the inflammatory response induced by cytokines in a human colonic epithelial cell line, Caco-2. Experimental approach: Caco-2 cells were preincubated with CORM-2 for 30 minutes and then stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ for different times. Gene expression was analyzed by real-time PCR. Protein expression was investigated by Western blot and ELISA. Transcription factor activation was determi…
Mitochondrial (dys)function - a factor underlying the variability of efavirenz-induced hepatotoxicity?
2015
Background and Purpose The non-nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz is associated with hepatic toxicity and metabolic disturbances. Although the mechanisms involved are not clear, recent evidence has pinpointed a specific mitochondrial action of efavirenz accompanied by the induction of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/unfolded protein response in human hepatic cells. The aim of this study was to further investigate the involvement of this organelle by evaluating efavirenz's effects in cells lacking functional mitochondria (rho°) and comparing them with those of the typical mitotoxic agent rotenone, a standard complex I inhibitor, and the ER stress inducer thaps…
Involvement of protein kinases in the induction of NO synthase II in human DLD-1 cells
1998
Protein phosphorylation is involved in the induction of nitric oxide synthase II (NOS II, iNOS) in several types of animal cells. Here we have investigated the possible involvement of major protein kinases in the induction of NOS II expression in human DLD-1 cells. In DLD-1 cells, interferon-γ alone induced a submaximal NOS II expression; a cytokine mixture consisting of interferon-γ, tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β produced maximal NOS II induction. Activators of protein kinase A (forskolin, 8-dibutyryl-cyclic AMP), of protein kinase C (tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate), and of protein kinase G (8-bromo cyclic GMP) did not induce NOS II mRNA by themselves, nor did they alter NOS…
Swelling properties of the mitochondria of unfertilized and newly fertilized sea urchin eggs
1957
Mitocondri isolati da uova vergini e appena fecondate diParacentrotus lividus sono stati trattati con soluzioni di saccarosio a concentrazioni decrescenti, a partire da 0,5M, e con Duponol. Si e trovato che nelle soluzioni ipotoniche il rigonfiamento dei mitocondri e notevolmente maggiore per quelli preparati da uova vergini che per quelli preparati da uova fecondate. Anche al trattamento con Duponol sono piu sensibili i mitocondri delle uova vergini.
Mitochondrial basis of the anti-arrhythmic action of lidocaine and modulation by the n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratio of cardiac phospholipids
2012
The aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of mitochondria in the mechanism of the anti-arrhythmic lidocaine. Rats were fed with a diet containing either n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs, SSO group) or an equimolecular mixture of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs (FO group) for 8 weeks. The hearts were perfused according to the working mode using a medium with or without lidocaine 5 μM. They were then subjected to local ischemia (20 min) and reperfusion (30 min). Dietary n-3 PUFAs triggered the expected decrease in the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio of cardiac phospholipids. Reperfusing the ischemic area favored the incidence of severe arrhythmias. Lidocaine treatment abolished almost completely reper…
Über die Hemmung von Desoxyribonucleotide spaltenden Fermenten durch Colchicin
1949
The authors raise the question, if enzymatic processes possibly linked with the mitotic cell division may be influenced by mitotic poisons. The presented date show an inhibition of the dephosphorylation of desoxyribonucleotides at a rate of about 50% and of the deamination of about 40% by colchicine (final concentration 1·2·10−2M).
Zur Wirkung von Butazolidin auf Glutamins�ure-dehydrogenase und ?-Ketoglutarat-oxydase
1957
Glutamic dehydrogenase of rat liver mitochondria is inhibited by phenylbutazone at a final concentration of 2,5 mg-% (0,81 · 10−4 M). However, glutamic dehydrogenase in heart muscle homogenate and the cristalline enzyme from liver are not inhibited by phenylbutazone up to 10 mg-% (3,24 · 10−4 M), but they are inhibited by a metabolite arising during incubation of liver mitochondria with phenylbutazone.
Perspectives and Potential Applications of Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants in Cardiometabolic Diseases and Type 2 Diabetes
2013
There is abundant evidence to suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is a main cause of insulin resistance and related cardiometabolic comorbidities. On the other hand, insulin resistance is one of the main characteristics of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Lipid and glucose metabolism require mitochondria to generate energy, and when O2 consumption is low due to inefficient nutrient oxidation, there is an increase in reactive oxygen species, which can impair different types of molecules, including DNA, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, thereby inducing proinflammatory processes. Factors which contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction, such as mitochondrial biogenesis and…
Hydrolytic action of phospholipase A2 in monolayers in the phase transition region: direct observation of enzyme domain formation using fluorescence …
1990
Phospholipase A2, a ubiquitous lipolytic enzyme highly active in the hydrolysis of organized phospholipid substrates, has been characterized optically in its action against a variety of phospholipid monolayers using fluorescence microscopy. By labeling the enzyme with a fluorescent marker and introducing it into the subphase of a Langmuir film balance, the hydrolysis of lipid monolayers in their liquid-solid phase transition region could be directly observed with the assistance of an epifluorescence microscope. Visual observation of hydrolysis of different phospholipid monolayers in the phase transition region in real-time could differentiate various mechanisms of hydrolytic action against …