Search results for "MITOCHONDRION"
showing 10 items of 491 documents
Purification of ATP synthase from beef heart mitochondria (FoF1) and co-reconstitution with monomeric bacteriorhodopsin into liposomes capable of lig…
1993
ATP synthase was isolated from beef heart mitochondria by extraction with N,N-bis-(3-D-gluconamidopropyl)deoxycholamide or by traditional cholate extraction. The enzyme was purified subsequently by ion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatographies in the presence of glycerol and the protease inhibitor diisopropylfluorophosphate. The ATP synthase consisted of 12–14 subunits and contained three tightly bound nucleotides. The co-reconstitution of crude or purified ATP synthase with monomeric bacteriorhodopsin by the method of detergent incubation of liposomes yielded proteoliposomes capable of light-driven ATP synthesis, as detected with a luciferase system for at least 30 min. The reaction was…
Effect of Light on the Composition of Mitochondrial Lipids from Hypocotyl Hooks of Bean Seedlings (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
1981
Summary Mitochondria were isolated and roughly purified from bean seedlings (phaseolus vulgaris) treated with different red light (660 nm) irradiation programmes. Etiolated seedlings were irradiated for short terms or grown in red light. The mitochondria from differently treated seedlings were analysed for their phospholipid and fatty acid patterns. The mitochondrial phospholipid patterns from green and etiolated seedlings were rather similar. This was also valid for the fatty acids from the phospholipid fraction whereas the fatty acid patterns of the glycolipids showed differences. Remarkable changes were observed in the phospholipid pattern of the mitochondrial fraction after short-term i…
Neuroprotective and Mitoprotective Effects of Lemon IntegroPectin on SH-SY5Y Cells
2021
AbstractLemon IntegroPectin obtained via hydrodynamic cavitation of organic lemon processing waste in water shows significant neuroprotective activity in vitro, as first reported in this study investigating the effects of both lemon IntegroPectin and commercial citrus pectin on cell viability, cell morphology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondria perturbation induced by treatment of neuronal SH-SY5Y human cells with H2O2. Mediated by ROS including H2O2 and its derivatives, oxidative stress alters numerous cellular processes, including mitochondrial regulation and cell signaling, propagating cellular injury that leads to incurable neurodegenerative diseases. These result…
Regulation and Role of Neuroglobin and Cytoglobin Under Hypoxia
2007
Neuroglobin (Ngb) and cytoglobin (Cygb) are two novel members of the globin superfamily that are ubiquitously present in vertebrates. Their exact physiological roles are still uncertain. Here we review the expression of Ngb and Cygb, with particular emphasis on their regulation and potential role under hypoxia. Ngb expression is confined to neurons and some endocrine tissues. At the subcellular level, Ngb is associated with the presence of mitochondria and thus linked to the oxidative metabolism. Hypoxia or ischemic insults most likely do not strongly increase Ngb levels in the rodent brain. This might be explained by the fact that most mammals are not adapted to low oxygen levels. In zebra…
The Role of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Formation for Age-Induced Vascular Dysfunction
2010
Aging is an important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, which can be accelerated by atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, or obesity. Vascular aging is mainly characterized by endothelial dysfunction, an alteration of endothelium-dependent signaling processes, and vascular remodeling. The underlying mechanisms include increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inactivation of nitric oxide (•NO), and subsequent formation of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNOS). Elevated RNOS may exhibit new messenger functions by posttranslational oxidative modification of intracellular regulatory proteins or lead to irreversible alterations of biologic…
Crosstalk between mitochondria and peroxisomes
2015
Mitochondria and peroxisomes are small ubiquitous organelles. They both play major roles in cell metabolism, especially in terms of fatty acid metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and ROS scavenging, and it is now clear that they metabolically interact with each other. These two organelles share some properties, such as great plasticity and high potency to adapt their form and number according to cell requirements. Their functions are connected, and any alteration in the function of mitochondria may induce changes in peroxisomal physiology. The objective of this paper was to highlight the interconnection and the crosstalk existing between mitochondria and peroxisomes. Speci…
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial failure in the pathogenesis of glaucoma neurodegeneration
2015
This review focuses on oxidative stress and mitochondrial failure for understanding mechanisms of optic nerve damage in primary open-angle glaucoma. The chapter shows scientific evidence for the role of mitochondrial disbalance and reactive oxygen species in glaucoma neurodegeneration. Mitochondria regulate important cellular functions including reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis. Mitochondrial alterations result from a wide variety of damaging sources. Reactive oxygen species formed by the mitochondria can act as signaling molecules, inducing lipid peroxidation and/or excitotoxicity with the result of cell lesion and death. Antioxidants may help to counteract oxidative stress…
The protective effects of melanoidins in adriamycin-induced oxidative stress in isolated rat hepatocytes
2004
The importance of the antioxidants contained in foods is well recognized both for preserving the foods themselves and for supplying essential antioxidants in vivo. Among these, the melanoidins formed during food processing and storage represent a significant part of our diet, with an average intake of several grams per day. Melanoidins exhibit antioxidant properties in vitro through their protective effect against reactive oxygen species. Here we investigated the protective effect of the model glucose–glycine melanoidins on oxidative stress induced by adriamycin in hepatocytes isolated from rats. The study was performed by examining cell toxicity (lactate dehydrogenase) release in the mediu…
Mitochondrial oxidative stress and CD95 ligand: A dual mechanism for hepatocyte apoptosis in chronic alcoholism
2002
Apoptosis plays an important role in the progression of alcohol-induced liver disease to cirrhosis. Oxidative stress is an early event in the development of apoptosis. The major aim of this study was to study the conditions in which oxidative stress occurs in chronic alcoholism and its relationship with apoptosis of hepatocytes. We have found that oxidative stress is associated with chronic ethanol consumption in humans and in rats, in the former independently of the existence of alcohol-induced liver disease. Ethanol or acetaldehyde induces apoptosis in hepatocytes isolated from alcoholic rats, but not in those from control rats. Inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase, but not of cytochrome …
The Relationship between Alcohol–induced Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in the Liver
2005
This chapter discusses the relationship of apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by alcohol in the liver. Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of alcohol-induced liver disease. Chronic alcoholism always causes oxidative stress independently of the presence of liver disease. Two key mechanisms are responsible for it: (1) the mitochondrial respiratory chain and (2) cytochrome P450 2El activity. Increased production of reactive oxygen species at complexes I and III together with NADH overproduction would be the major cause for mitochondrial oxidative stress in chronic alcoholism. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) cause oxidative damage, which may lead to cell death by …