Search results for "MOBILITY"

Solving congestion in cities : policies and contradictions

2009

International audience; Most cities in the world are now facing traffic gridlock. Local governements and transportation authorities are trying to tame a phenomenon which takes in fact very different forms depending on the level of social and economic development. Is it really possible to compare freeway gridlock in Los Angeles with rickshaw gridlock in Dhaka, Bangladesh ? When French cities embrace the development of urban bicycling, Chinese cities limit the use of bicycles. Using cases of cities in different parts of world, this presentation willl try to find some common trends in urban mobility policies and examine some contradictory developments.

Social Inequality in French Education : Extent and Complexity of the Issues

2007

Educational inequality is a matter of acute concern in France as it is in most democratic countries. We rely on schools to assess the skill levels of all students and on this basis to guide them into employment in a way which is impartial and independent of their social origins. However, since the end of the 1960s, French sociology has very cogently denounced sharp and persistent inequalities both in access to different levels of education and in academic success understood more narrowly. This critique took the form of a general theory, presented by Bourdieu and Passeron in 1970 in Reproduction, which made social inequalities a necessary outcome of the way in which school systems worked.

Incertitudes et effets pervers de l'inflation scolaire

2006

06044http://ep.inrp.fr/EP/colloques/colloque_repenser_justice/communication_marie_duru_bellat/view; La méritocratie s'impose comme la seule voie à la fois juste et efficace de répartir les places (inégales) dans les sociétés démocratiques. Dès lors que la méritocratie fait l'objet d'une forte valorisation, et qu'on place toute confiance en l'école pour la faire advenir, tout développement de l'éducation ne peut aller que dans le sens du progrès : C'est un vecteur de réduction des inégalités sociales et d'accroissement de la mobilité sociale, les effets économiques et sociaux plus généraux en sont forcément positifs. Est-ce si sûr ? Sans balayer ici toutes ces questions, on pointera quelques…

La méritocratie scolaire, une idéologie partagée ?

2006

06049; Au sein du domaine assez nourri des travaux sur les sentiments de justice (Kellerhals et al, 1997 ; Dubet, 2005), la recherche présentée ici se centre sur l'intériorisation du principe de mérite et sur la légitimité de l'assimilation entre mérite et mérite scolaire. Il s'agit de tester l'hypothèse émise dans le cadre des théories de la reproduction selon laquelle l'école joue en ce domaine, avec entre autres conséquences que l'intériorisation de la méritocratie scolaire doit être sensible au niveau d'instruction. Dans ce volet qualitatif, on se fonde sur l'analyse de cent entretiens auprès d'adultes tout-venant. L'intériorisation de la méritocratie scolaire est appréhendée par des qu…

Thermal Engine and Climate Change Challenge

2021

Thermal engines have dominated sectors of economy, and particularly transportation. Their current development and state of the art are the results of XXth century priorities related to economy and environment. In the future, thermal engines will face the challenge of emerging technologies in the frame of sustainable mobility and development. After an analysis of functioning principles and perspectives of development, particularly of combustion engines, thermal engines are compared to other realistic scenarios for transports applications in well-to-wheel and life cycle analysis.

Measuring Achievement, Affiliation, and Power Motives in Mobility Situations: Development of the Multi-Motive Grid Mobility

2022

The current study introduces the Multi-Motive Grid Mobility (MMG-M) in an age-stratified sample (N = 206) that aims to disentangle six motive components – hope of success, hope of affiliation, hope of power, fear of failure, fear of rejection, and fear of power – in mobility-related and mobility-unrelated scenarios. Similar to the classical Multi-Motive Grid (MMG), we selected 14 picture scenarios representing seven mobility and seven non-mobility situations. The scenarios were combined with 12 statements from the MMG. Both the MMG-M and MMG were assessed to allow comparability between psychometric criteria. The results of confirmatory factor analyses yielded a good model fit for a six-fact…

Mobility limitation, balance impairment and musculoskeletal pain among people aged ≥75 years : a study with a comprehensive geriatric intervention

2012

Exploring Associations of Housing, Relocation, and Active and Healthy Aging in Sweden : Protocol for a Prospective Longitudinal Mixed Methods Study

2021

Background: While housing and neighborhood features have the potential to impact opportunities for active aging, there is a lack of knowledge related to how older people reason regarding their housing situation and how housing and fulfillment of relocation are associated with active and healthy aging. Objective: The objectives of Prospective RELOC-AGE are to study housing choices and relocation and explore effects on active and healthy aging among men and women aged 55 years and older in Sweden considering relocation. Methods: The estimated sample (2800) will include people aged 55 years and older being listed for relocation at either of two housing companies: a local public housing company…

Neighborhood resources associated with active travel in older adults: A cohort study in six European Countries

2020

Objectives: To study associations between perceived neighborhood resources and time spent by older adults in active travel. Methods: Respondents in six European countries, aged 65–85 years, reported on the perceived presence of neighborhood resources (parks, places to sit, public transportation, and facilities) with response options “a lot,” “some,” and “not at all.” Daily active travel time (total minutes of transport-related walking and cycling) was self-reported at the baseline (n = 2,695) and 12–18 months later (n = 2,189). Results: Reporting a lot of any of the separate resources (range B’s = 0.19–0.29) and some or a lot for all four resources (B = 0.22, 95% confidence interval [0.09, …

Mobility and transition of pedagogical expertise in Finland

2015

Mobility and transition of pedagogical expertise in Finland is a publication based on the project “Mobility among pedagogical experts”, which was funded by the European Social Fund. The project was carried out in 2010–2013 in collaboration with the Finnish Institute for Educational Research, Finnish National Board of Education and the Vocational Teacher Education College, Jyväskylä University of Applied Sciences. The publication gives an overall view of the teacher mobility and transition in the Finnish education system and discusses the key findings from the report on Mobility among pedagogical experts. Data for the above-mentioned project was collected by an online questionnaire (n = 4500…