Search results for "MOI"
showing 10 items of 2109 documents
L’utilisation des mécanismes de maintien de l’information verbale en mémoire de travail chez l’enfant de 8 ans
2010
La mémoire de travail est une forme de mémoire immédiate qui permet de retenir des informations tout en effectuant simultanément un traitement sur ces informations ou sur d’autres informations. Elle est indispensable dans la vie quotidienne, par exemple sans elle nous serions incapable de comprendre une phrase ou de résoudre une opération. Les informations stockées dans cette mémoire ne peuvent être maintenues que pendant un très bref instant (± 2 secondes). Cependant, il est possible de les retenir pendant une plus longue durée en utilisant des mécanismes de maintien. Actuellement deux mécanismes de maintien ont été mis en évidence. Le premier est un mécanisme de répétition subvocale, qui …
Crystal structure of bis(cyclohexylammonium) diphenyldioxalatostannate(IV)
2015
In the title salt, (CyNH3)2[Sn(Ph2)(C2O4)2] (Cy is cyclohexyl and Ph is phenyl), the SnPh2 moiety is chelated by two oxalate anions, leading to a cis arrangement within the distorted octahedral coordination sphere of the SnIV atom.
Treed Gaussian Process Regression for Solving Offline Data-Driven Continuous Multiobjective Optimization Problems
2023
Abstract For offline data-driven multiobjective optimization problems (MOPs), no new data is available during the optimization process. Approximation models (or surrogates) are first built using the provided offline data and an optimizer, e.g. a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm, can then be utilized to find Pareto optimal solutions to the problem with surrogates as objective functions. In contrast to online data-driven MOPs, these surrogates cannot be updated with new data and, hence, the approximation accuracy cannot be improved by considering new data during the optimization process. Gaussian process regression (GPR) models are widely used as surrogates because of their ability to pr…
An Interactive Framework for Offline Data-Driven Multiobjective Optimization
2020
We propose a framework for solving offline data-driven multiobjective optimization problems in an interactive manner. No new data becomes available when solving offline problems. We fit surrogate models to the data to enable optimization, which introduces uncertainty. The framework incorporates preference information from a decision maker in two aspects to direct the solution process. Firstly, the decision maker can guide the optimization by providing preferences for objectives. Secondly, the framework features a novel technique for the decision maker to also express preferences related to maximum acceptable uncertainty in the solutions as preferred ranges of uncertainty. In this way, the d…
Unique regioselectivity in the C(sp3)-H α-alkylation of amines: the benzoxazole moiety as a removable directing group.
2014
The benzoxazol-2-yl- substituent was found to act as a removable activating and directing group in the Ir-catalyzed alkylation of C(sp(3))-H bonds adjacent to nitrogen in secondary amines. It can be easily introduced by oxidative coupling or by an SNAr reaction, and it can be removed by hydroxide or by hydride reduction. For 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines, activation exclusively takes place in the 3-position. A variety of activated as well as unactivated terminal olefins are suitable reaction partners.
How composition and process parameters affect volatile active compounds in biopolymer films
2012
Abstract Active edible films based on chitosan and containing an active aroma compound have been investigated. The influence of the composition of the film forming solution (solvent, plasticizers, nanoparticles, emulsifiers and aroma traps) and process parameters (temperature and viscosity) on drying kinetics, water content, colour, aroma compound retention and partition coefficient was studied. Solvent evaporation rate was increased by addition of ethanol. Water evaporation was delayed by glycerol. The aroma retention during film drying was directly related to the water content. The drying temperature had opposite influences according to the composition of the solvent and additives. Increa…
Borane reaction chemistry. Alkyne insertion reactions into boron-containing clusters. Products from the thermolysis of [6,9-(2-HC[triple bond]C-C5H4N…
2008
The stirring of [ortho-(HC[triple bond]C)-C(5)H(4)N] with [nido-B(10)H(14)] in benzene affords [6,9-{ortho-(HC[triple bond]C)-C(5)H(4)N}(2)-arachno-B(10)H(12)] 1 in 93% yield. In the solid state, 1 has an extended complex three-dimensional structure involving intramolecular dihydrogen bonding, which accounts for its low solubility. Thermolysis of 1 gives the known [1-(ortho-C(5)H(4)N)-1,2-closo-C(2)B(10)H(11)] 2 (13%), together with new [micro-5(N),6(C)-(NC(5)H(4)-ortho-CH(2))-nido-6-CB(9)H(10)] 3 (0.4%), [micro-7(C),8(N)-(NC(5)H(4)-ortho-CH(2))-nido-7-CB(10)H(11)] (0.4%) , 4 binuclear [endo-6'-(closo-1,2-C(2)B(10)H(10))-micro-(1(C),exo-6'(N))-(ortho-C(5)H(4)N)-micro-(exo-8'(C),exo-9'(N))-(…
Le témoin sous la Convention, un instrument de la Terreur
2003
National audience; L'évolution des diverses procédures (civiles, pénales, administratives et militaires) du témoignage sous la Terreur montrent que les témoins sont considérés comme les garants des citoyens patriotes et de la sûreté générale. De plus, le témoin attestant ou le dénonciateur voire le délateur, devient un instrument de la Terreur dans l'épuration de la société par le gouvernement, d'autant plus que les dépositions ont des conséquences tout à fait significatives dans l'initialisation de l'action publique et, en matière pénale, elles peuvent être dramatiques : déportation, saisie des biens, mort civile, peine capitale, dont le nombre ne cesse d'augmenter. La loi du 22 prairial a…
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrophobically Directed Aldol Reactions: Polystyrene-Supported L-Proline as a Recyclable Catalyst for Direct Asymmetric Aldol R…
2008
A simple synthetic methodology for the preparation of a polystyrene-supported L-proline material is reported, and this material has been used as catalyst in direct asymmetric aldol reactions between several ketones and arylaldehydes to furnish aldol products in high yields and stereoselectivities. Screening of solvents showed that these reactions take place only in the presence of water or methanol, at lower levels of conversion in the latter case. This solvent effect, coupled with the observed high stereoselectivities, has been explained in terms of the formation of a hydrophobic core in the inner surface of the resin, whereas the hydrophilic proline moiety lies at the resin/water interfac…
Naphthyridine Derivatives as a Model System for Potential Lithium-Sulfur Energy-Storage Applications
2015
Naphthyridines have been identified as structural elements in sulfurized polyacrylonitrile, which is a common electrode material in lithium–sulfur batteries. Some dibenzonaphthyridine derivatives with a fused dithiolo moiety were prepared as model compounds for battery studies. These heterocyclic systems were prepared via the corresponding diphenyldicarbamide intermediate. Followed by naphthyridione formation, stepwise installation of the dithiolane subunit occurred in a straightforward manner. In the solid state, the heteroaromatic system is completely planar and was thoroughly characterized. Initial battery cycling tests indicated a potential use of such structural motifs in sulfur–lithiu…