Search results for "MUCOCILIARY CLEARANCE"
showing 10 items of 24 documents
Radiofrequency, high-frequency, and electrocautery treatments vs partial inferior turbinotomy: microscopic and macroscopic effects on nasal mucosa.
2009
Objective To compare the microscopic and macroscopic effects of radiofrequency, high-frequency, and electrocautery therapies with partial inferior turbinotomy in the treatment of nasal obstruction caused by inferior turbinate hypertrophy. Design Nonrandomized controlled trial. Setting Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Genoa. Patients The study included 80 patients affected by nasal obstruction from hypertrophied inferior turbinates. Interventions Homogeneous patient groups A, B, C, and D underwent radiofrequency, high-frequency, and electrocautery treatments and partial inferior turbinotomy, respectively, to surgically reduce hypertrophied inferior turbinates…
A Multicenter Trial of Specific Local Nasal Immunotherapy
2000
Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of specific local nasal immunotherapy (LNIT) in powder form in patients with allergic rhinitis, using subjective and objective parameters. Study Design: A double-blind randomized multicenter trial of 102 patients with allergic rhinitis who were treated with specific LNIT for 8 consecutive months. Methods: After identifying allergens with the skin prick test and sensitization threshold dose with the specific nasal provocation test, 102 patients were selected, of whom 55 were allergic to mites and 47 were allergic to Graminaceae or Parietaria pollen. The specific treatments were self-administered using an insufflator in two phases (phase 1: increas…
Ciliopathies: an Update
2015
Cilia are hair-like organelles that extend from the surface of almost all human cells. Nine doublet microtubule pairs make up the core of each cilium, known as the axoneme. Cilia are classified as motile or immotile; non motile or primary cilia are involved in sensing the extracellular environment. These organelles mediate perception of chemo-, mechano- and osmosensations that are then transmitted into the cell via signaling pathways. They also play a crucial role in cellular functions including planar cell polarity, cell division, proliferation and apoptosis. Because of cilia are located on almost all polarized human cell types, cilia-related disorders, can affect many organs and systems. …
Effect of sulfur dioxide on mucociliary activity and ciliary beat frequency in guinea pig trachea
1994
The effects of 30 min exposure to sulfur dioxide on mucociliary activity (MCA) and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) were studied in 31 guinea pig tracheas. MCA was measured by recording the light reflected from ciliated mucous membranes using an infrared bar code reader. CBF of single ciliated cells obtained by brushing was measured with phase-contrast microscopy. Each tracheal sample was exposed to SO2 at concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 12.5 ppm, or to air for control purposes. MCA and CBF were measured before and immediately after gas exposure. A reduction in mean MCA of 63% (P = 0.0007) and statistically insignificant changes in CBF (P > 0.05) were recorded at concentrations of 2.5 PPM SO…
The Drainage System of the Paranasal Sinuses: A Review with Possible Implications for Balloon Catheter Dilation
2011
Background Intersinus connections and accessory ostia of the maxillary sinus are well known to rhinologic surgeons but are less known for the remaining paranasal sinuses. Probing and dilatation of the natural ostia of diseased sinuses is being popularized currently by the clinical value of balloon catheter dilation (BCD). Although short-term high success rates with treatment of the dilated ostia/duct have been reported with this technique, the potential impact of fractures of adjacent bony septae on accessory sinus ostia, on mucosally lined surfaces, and on intersinus drainage pathways still has not been considered. The aim of this study was to review the literature on accessory sinus ostia…
Role of adenylate kinase type 7 expression on cilia motility: possible link in primary ciliary dyskinesia.
2010
Background Adenylate kinase 7 (AK7) mediates the reaction 2ADP ↔ ATP + AMP, providing energy for the beating of cilia. A study recently showed that AK7 expression may be correlated with the primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) phenotype in mice. In this study, we characterized AK7 expression in vitro in an air–liquid interface (ALI) model and in middle nasal turbinate biopsy specimens from a cohort of patients with PCD to elucidate whether AK7 expression is correlated with ciliary malfunction. Methods AK7 expression was measured by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. In vitro differentiated nasal human epithelial cell siRNA experiments were performed …
Impairment of nasal mucociliary clearance after radiotherapy for childhood head cancer.
2001
Background Radiotherapy of the head region in children is known to cause long-term sequelae, such as facial, dental, and ocular abnormalities. We investigated whether a decreased nasal mucociliary function occurs after radiotherapy of the head in children. Methods A saccharin/charcoal test was performed in 20 children treated with radiotherapy of the head and in 20 controls, age-matched and gender-matched. Results We found a decreased nasal mucociliary clearance (lower percentage of responses (p = 0083) and longer mucociliary transport times (p = .0001) in the patients compared with the controls. The radiotherapy dosage influenced the response to the test (p = .0046). Conclusions Irradiatio…
Primary ciliary dyskinesia. Ciliopathies
2008
Abstract Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a genetically inherited syndrome characterised by ciliary immotility or dysmotility. Deficiency in mucociliary clearance produces chronic respiratory infections from birth, male sterility by spermatozoid immotility and situs inversus in 40%–50% of patients (Kartagener's syndrome). Diagnosis is made by analysing ciliary motility with high-speed digital video and ciliary ultrastructure. The wide distribution and functions of the cilia in the body mean that this dysfunction can generate other ciliopathies apart from primary ciliary dyskinesia.
Alternative mechanisms for tiotropium
2009
Tiotropium is commonly used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although largely considered to be a long-acting bronchodilator, its demonstrated efficacy in reducing the frequency of exacerbations and preliminary evidence from early studies indicating that it might slow the rate of decline in lung function suggested mechanisms of action in addition to simple bronchodilation. This hypothesis was examined in the recently published UPLIFT study and, although spirometric and other clinical benefits of tiotropium treatment extended to four years, the rate of decline in lung function did not appear to be reduced by the addition of tiotropium in this study. This article summ…
Respiratory epithelium exposed to sulfur dioxide--functional and ultrastructural alterations.
1995
The value of morphological investigations of airway mucosa should be compared to a functional method when estimating the toxicity of airborne pollutants. In 34 guinea pig tracheas, mucociliary activity was measured using a modified light beam reflex method before and following exposure to sulfur dioxide for 30 minutes in concentrations ranging between 7.5 and 37.5 mg/m3. Exposure to air served as a control. Simultaneously, specimens were taken for light and electron microscopy. Mucociliary activity decreased from 8.4 +/- 2.9 Hz (control exposure) to 4.0 +/- 2.9 Hz following exposure to 7.5 mg/m3, to 3.4 +/- 2.7 Hz at 15 mg/m3 sulfur dioxide, to 1.8 +/- 2.2 Hz at 22.5 mg/m3 sulfur dioxide, t…