Search results for "Major"
showing 10 items of 1120 documents
Ex vivoevidence for PGE2and LTB4involvement in cutaneous leishmaniasis: relation with infection status and cytokine production
1996
SUMMARYEx vivoculture of spleen cells from BALB/c mice infected with 2 × 106Leishmania major(L.major) promastigotes were cultured with ConcanavalinA (ConA) or leishmanial antigen (L. Ag) and tested for prostaglandin E2(PGE2) and for leukotriene B4(LTB4), in order to study their involvement in the evolution of cutaneous leishmaniasis and the connexion with lymphokine-mediated responses. The data were compared with those obtained in BALB/c mice protected againstL. majorby sublethal irradiation (550 rad; cured mice). In the unprotected BALB/c mice the levels of PGE2that were responsible for the depression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) Th1-associated cytokines and …
IL-1 signalling is dispensable for protective immunity in Leishmania-resistant mice
2010
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease affecting ∼12 million people. Control of infection (e.g. in C57BL/6 mice) results from IL-12-dependent production of IFNγ by Th1/Tc1 cells. In contrast, BALB/c mice succumb to infection because of preferential Th2-type cytokine induction. Infected dendritic cells (DC) represent important sources of IL-12. Genetically determined differences in DC IL-1α/β production contribute to disease outcome. Whereas the course of disease was not dramatically altered in IL-1RI(-/-) mice, local administration of IL-1α to infected C57BL/6 mice improved disease outcome. To definitively elucidate the involvement of IL-1 in immunity against leishmaniasis, we now utilized IL…
Immune Modulating Effects of NKT Cells in a Physiologically Low Dose Leishmania major Infection Model after αGalCer Analog PBS57 Stimulation
2014
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection affecting ∼12 million people worldwide, mostly in developing countries. Treatment options are limited and no effective vaccines exist to date. Natural Killer T (NKT) cells are a conserved innate-like lymphocyte population with immunomodulating effects in various settings. A number of reports state a role of NKT cells in different models of Leishmania infection. Here, we investigated the effect of NKT cells in a physiologically relevant, intradermal low dose infection model. After inoculation of 103 infectious-stage L. major, comparable numbers of skin-immigrating NKT cells in both susceptible BALB/c mice and resistant C57BL/6 mice were noted. Compared …
What we learn about bipolar disorder from large-scale neuroimaging
2020
Abstract MRI‐derived brain measures offer a link between genes, the environment and behavior and have been widely studied in bipolar disorder (BD). However, many neuroimaging studies of BD have been underpowered, leading to varied results and uncertainty regarding effects. The Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis (ENIGMA) Bipolar Disorder Working Group was formed in 2012 to empower discoveries, generate consensus findings and inform future hypothesis‐driven studies of BD. Through this effort, over 150 researchers from 20 countries and 55 institutions pool data and resources to produce the largest neuroimaging studies of BD ever conducted. The ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Workin…
No evidence for associations between brood size, gut microbiome diversity and survival in great tit (Parus major) nestlings
2022
Abstract Background The gut microbiome forms at an early stage, yet data on the environmental factors influencing the development of wild avian microbiomes is limited. As the gut microbiome is a vital part of organismal health, it is important to understand how it may connect to host performance. The early studies with wild gut microbiome have shown that the rearing environment may be of importance in gut microbiome formation, yet the results vary across taxa, and the effects of specific environmental factors have not been characterized. Here, wild great tit (Parus major) broods were manipulated to either reduce or enlarge the original brood soon after hatching. We investigated if brood siz…
H2-M polymorphism in mice susceptible to collagen-induced arthritis involves the peptide binding groove.
1996
The ability to develop type II collagen (CII)-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice is associated with the major histocompatibilityI-A gene and with as yet poorly defined regulatory molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen processing and presentation pathway. H2-M molecules are thought to be involved in the loading of antigenic peptides into the MHC class II binding cleft. We sequencedH2-Ma, H2-Mb1, andH2-Mb2 genes from CIA-susceptible and-resistant mouse strains and identified four differentMa andMb2 alleles and three differentMb1 alleles defined by polymorphic residues within the predicted peptide binding groove. Most CIA-resistant mouse strains share commonMa, M…
Neutriinojen ja kvarkkien sekoitusmatriisien välinen yhteys
2012
In this thesis relations between neutrino mixing matrix and quark mixing matrix are studied. The focus of the analysis is on two simple cases. In the first case it is assumed that the left matrix that diagonalizes the mass matrix of charged leptons and the corresponding matrix of down quarks are equal. In the second case it is likewise assumed that the corresponding diagonalizing matrices of neutrinos and up quarks are equal. First, theoretical concepts related to the mixing of quarks and especially to the mixing of neutrinos are presented. These are e.g. fermion mass generation in the Standard Model, Majorana masses of neutrinos and the so-called seesaw mechanism. Regarding experiments, ne…
Event reconstruction in NEXT using a ML-EM algorithm
2017
La desintegración doble beta sin neutrinos es un proceso hipotético en el que dos neutrones de un núcleo se transforman en dos protones emitiendo únicamente dos electrones, sin neutrinos. La detección de un proceso así demostraría que los neutrinos son partículas de Majorana y que el número leptónico total no se conserva (las oscilaciones de neutrinos ya han demostrado que el número leptónico por familia no se conserva). La determinación de la naturaleza del neutrino podría responder a varias preguntas de diversa índole dentro de la física de partículas. Primero, podría dar explicación a la escala de masas del neutrino a través de un mecanismo de balancín (see-saw). Por…
Botulinum Toxin A for Oral Cavity Cancer Patients: In Microsurgical Patients BTX Injections in Major Salivary Glands Temporarily Reduce Salivary Prod…
2012
Abstract: In patients suffering from oral cavity cancer surgical treatment is complex because it is necessary to remove carcinoma and lymph node metastasis (through a radical unilateral or bilateral neck dissection) and to reconstruct the affected area by means of free flaps. The saliva stagnation in the post-operative period is a risk factor with regard to local complications. Minor complications related to saliva stagnation (such as tissue maceration and wound dehiscence) could become major complications compromising the surgery or the reconstructive outcome. In fact the formation of oro-cutaneous fistula may cause infection, failure of the free flap, or the patient’s death with carotid b…
Funktionaalisia a posteriori virhearvioita Uzawan tyyppisille menetelmille kokoonpuristumattomien virtausten tapauksessa
2012
Stokesin yhtälöllä voidaan kuvata nesteiden ja kaasujen liikettä, jos liike on yksiulotteista tai hidasta. Stokesin yhtälö on yksinkertaistettu ja linearisoitu versio Navier-Stokesin yhtälöistä. Tässä tutkielmassa keskitytään kokoonpuristumattomiin ja viskoottisiin nesteisiin ja kaasuihin. Kokoonpuristumattomuus tarkoittaa sitä, että nesteen tai kaasun tiheys ei muutu ajan suhteen. Viskoottisuus taas tarkoittaa sitä, että nesteillä ja kaasuilla on sisäistä kitkaa, joka muodostuu, kun aineen osaset liikkuvat toistensa suhteen. Vaikka osittaisdifferentiaaliyhtälöiden tutkimus on edennyt viime vuosisadalla hyvinkin nopeasti, on analyyttisen ratkaisun löytäminen vaikeaa tai lähes poikkeuksetta …