Search results for "Memory"

Association between osteocalcin and cognitive performance in healthy older adults.

2016

INTRODUCTION: cognitive deterioration and reductions of bone health coincide with increasing age. We examine the relationship between bone composition and plasma markers of bone remodelling with measures of cognitive performance in healthy adults.METHODS: this cross-sectional study included 225 old (52% women, mean age: 74.4 ± 3.3 years) and 134 young (52% women, mean age: 23.4 ± 2.7 years) adult participants from the MyoAge project. Whole body bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Blood analyses included a panel of bone-related peptides (dickkopf-1, osteoprotegerin, osteocalcin (OC), osteopontin, sclerostin, parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor …

Mechanisms involved in the control of feeding behavior in relation to food flavor

2016

Revue; IntroductionIntake is one of the most essential behaviors, since human beings, like any living organism, require adequate nutrients for their survival. Ingestive behavior is controlled to maintain energy balance by peripheral and central mechanisms. When physiological needs are not being met, they will lead to motivation. Thus, being hungry will motivate us to find food, and the motivation will cease when needs are met. Ingestive behavior is thus initially due to a need related to internal signals (Fig. 10.1), in this case, hunger (physiological need) and appetite (urge to eat a food from which we expect pleasure and satisfaction). Sensory (visual, olfactory and, to a lesser extent, …

Polygenic association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder liability and cognitive impairments.

2022

AbstractBackgroundA recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 12 independent loci significantly associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Polygenic risk scores (PRS), derived from the GWAS, can be used to assess genetic overlap between ADHD and other traits. Using ADHD samples from several international sites, we derived PRS for ADHD from the recent GWAS to test whether genetic variants that contribute to ADHD also influence two cognitive functions that show strong association with ADHD: attention regulation and response inhibition, captured by reaction time variability (RTV) and commission errors (CE).MethodsThe discovery GWAS included 19 099 ADHD cases …

Role for Chromatin Remodeling Factor Chd1 in Learning and Memory

2019

Precise temporal and spatial regulation of gene expression in the brain is a prerequisite for cognitive processes such as learning and memory. Epigenetic mechanisms that modulate the chromatin structure have emerged as important regulators in this context. While posttranslational modification of histones or the modification of DNA bases have been examined in detail in many studies, the role of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factors (ChRFs) in learning- and memory-associated gene regulation has largely remained obscure. Here we present data that implicate the highly conserved chromatin assembly and remodeling factor Chd1 in memory formation and the control of immediate early gene (IEG) r…

Dynamics of brain activity underlying working memory for music in a naturalistic condition

2012

Working memory (WM) is at the core of any cognitive function as it is necessary for the integration of information over time. Despite WM’s critical role in high-level cognitive functions, its implementation in the neural tissue is poorly understood. Preliminary studies on auditory WM show differences between linguistic and musical memory, leading to the speculation of specific neural networks encoding memory for music. Moreover, in neuroscience WM has not been studied in naturalistic listening conditions but rather in artificial settings (e.g., n-back and Sternberg tasks). Western tonal music provides naturally occurring motivic repetition and variation, recognizable units serving as WM tri…

Pamięć wspólnotowa a tradycja konstytucyjna

2019

There are two dates of particular importance for Polish collective memory, namely 11November 1918 – the day of the regaining of independence after 123 years of partitions, and 4 June 1989 – the day which started the process of Poland regaining its full internal and external sovereignty. These two turning points determine the beginnings of the respective discourses on the directions of changes in the political systems of the Second and Third Republics. This paper focuses on the discourses concerning the political systems during the periods of transition and is based on the content of The March Constitution of 1921 and The Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997. A basic law is a text …

Rādi kapi Tartu un Meža kapi Rīgā: kapu plākšņu uzraksti un vizuālais izpildījums

2017

Bakalaura darba ,,Rādi kapi Tartu un Meža kapi Rīgā: kapu plākšņu uzraksti un vizuālais izpildījums” mērķis ir salīdzināt mirušo pieminēšanu tekstuālā un vizuālā formā Igaunijā un Latvijā. Šī darba devums kapu pētīšanā ir dažādās valodās rakstītu uzrakstu tulkošana un salīdzināšana. Darba uzdevumi ir: izanalizēt, kā kultūras teorētiķu darbos atspoguļota mirušo pieminēšana, aprakstīt un sagrupēt kapu pētīšanas laikā savāktos materiālus, salīdzināt iegūtos rezultātus. Pētījums var būt interesants folkloras pētniekiem un antropologiem. Salīdzinot rezultātus atklājās, ka kopīgo iezīmju ir daudz, bet ir arī atšķirības. Mirušo pieminēšanas tradīcijā Rādi kapos tēli dominē pār tekstiem un kapu plā…

Effects of Prior Knowledge on Comprehending Text About Learning Strategies

2021

Good knowledge and skills in using different learning strategies is important for learning with understanding and even more critical during distance learning. Findings indicate that students tend to use and value ineffective learning strategies, thus there is need to educate students. This study aimed to analyze the possibility of using refutation text on learning strategies that students can study independently. The study examined how reported use of learning strategies and preexisting beliefs about the effectiveness of rehearsal and comprehension-oriented strategies relate to the comprehension of text about learning strategies, and how text comprehension is related to later use of strateg…

Density functional/molecular dynamics simulations of phase-change materials

2013

P300 amplitudes in the Concealed Information Test are less affected by depth of processing than electrodermal responses

2012

The Concealed Information Test (CIT) has been used in the laboratory as well as in field applications to detect concealed crime related memories. The presentation of crime relevant details to guilty suspects has been shown to elicit enhanced N200 and P300 amplitudes of the event-related brain potentials (ERPs) as well as greater skin conductance responses (SCRs) as compared to neutral test items. These electrophysiological and electrodermal responses were found to incrementally contribute to the validity of the test, thereby suggesting that these response systems are sensitive to different psychological processes. In the current study, we tested whether depth of processing differentially af…