Search results for "Motor"

Active Disturbance Rejection Control of Synchronous Reluctance Motors

2020

This paper describes how the ADRC (Active Disturbance Rejection Control) strategy can be successfully applied to SynRM (Synchronous Reluctance Motor) drives. The ADRC is an adaptive robust extension of the input-output Feedback Linearization Control (FLC). Its main feature is that the nonlinear transformation of the state is computed on-line and not by using the model. As a consequence, any unmodelled dynamics or uncertainty of the parameters can be addressed. The control strategy has been verified successfully with experimental tests confirming the high dynamic response of the drive.

Temporal Binding in Multisensory and Motor-Sensory Contexts: Toward a Unified Model

2021

Our senses receive a manifold of sensory signals at any given moment in our daily lives. For a coherent and unified representation of information and precise motor control, our brain needs to temporally bind the signals emanating from a common causal event and segregate others. Traditionally, different mechanisms were proposed for the temporal binding phenomenon in multisensory and motor-sensory contexts. This paper reviews the literature on the temporal binding phenomenon in both multisensory and motor-sensory contexts and suggests future research directions for advancing the field. Moreover, by critically evaluating the recent literature, this paper suggests that common computational prin…

Translation of Functional Domain Abnormalities from Human to Mouse Motor System

2021

Tactile input of the hand and the control of reaching to grasp movements

1997

The role of tactile information of the hand in the control of reaching to grasp movements was investigated. The kinematics of both reaching (or transport) and grasp components were studied in healthy subjects in two experimental conditions. In one condition (control condition) subjects were required to reach and grasp an object that could have two sizes and that could be located at two distances from the viewer. In the other condition (anaesthesia condition) the same movements were executed, but anaesthesia was provided to the subjects' fingertips. In both conditions vision of the hand was prevented during movement. Anaesthesia affected mainly the kinematics of the first phase of grasping, …

Quantitative evaluation of muscle synergy models: a single-trial task decoding approach.

2012

Delis, Ioannis | Berret, Bastien | Pozzo, Thierry | Panzeri, Stefano; International audience; ''Muscle synergies, i.e., invariant coordinated activations of groups of muscles, have been proposed as building blocks that the central nervous system (CNS) uses to construct the patterns of muscle activity utilized for executing movements . Several efficient dimensionality reduction algorithms that extract putative synergies from electromyographic (EMG) signals have been developed. Typically, the quality of synergy decompositions is assessed by computing the Variance Accounted For (VAF). Yet, little is known about the extent to which the combination of those synergies en codes task discriminating…

''Investigating reduction of dimensionality during single-joint elbow movements: a case study on muscle synergies''

2013

Chiovetto, Enrico | Berret, Bastien | Delis, Ioannis | Panzeri, Stefano | Pozzo, Thierry; International audience; ''A long standing hypothesis in the neuroscience community is that the central nervous system (CNS) generates the muscle activities to accomplish movements by combining a relatively small number of stereotyped patterns of muscle activations, often referred to as" muscle synergies." Different definitions of synergies have been given in the literature. The most well-known are those of synchronous, time-varying and temporal muscle synergies. Each one of them is based on a different mathematical model used to factor some EMG array recordings collected during the execution of variety…

Spatial-temporal interactions in the human brain

2009

The review summarises current evidence on the cognitive mechanisms for the integration of spatial and temporal representations and of common brain structures to process the where and when of stimuli. Psychophysical experiments document the presence of spatially localised distortions of sub-second time intervals and suggest that visual events are timed by neural mechanisms that are spatially selective. On the other hand, experiments with supra-second intervals suggest that time could be represented on a mental time-line ordered from left-to-right, similar to what is reported for other ordered quantities, such as numbers. Neuroimaging and neuropsychological findings point towards the posterio…

On-line Coordination in Complex Goal-directed Movements: a Matter of Interactions between Several Loops.

2012

International audience; Motor flexibility is the ability to rapidly modify behavior when unexpected perturbations occur. In goal directed movements, this process may be involved during the motor execution itself, by using on-line motor corrections, or off-line, on a trial-by-trial basis. A consensus has emerged to describe and unify these two dependant processes within the framework of the internal models theory in which the cerebellum is involved in error processing. However, this general framework may be incomplete to describe on-line motor corrections when complex motor coordination is involved in the task. In particular, interaction torques existing between different effectors limit the…

The body talks: Sensorimotor communication and its brain and kinematic signatures

2019

Human communication is a traditional topic of research in many disciplines such as psychology, linguistics and philosophy, all of which mainly focused on language, gestures and deictics. However, these do not constitute the sole channels of communication, especially during online social interaction, where instead an additional critical role may be played by sensorimotor communication (SMC). SMC refers here to (often subtle) communicative signals embedded within pragmatic actions - for example, a soccer player carving his body movements in ways that inform a partner about his intention, or to feint an adversary; or the many ways we offer a glass of wine, rudely or politely. SMC is a natural …

The role of synergies within generative models of action execution and recognition: A computational perspective

2015

Controlling the body – given its huge number of degrees of freedom – poses severe computational challenges. Mounting evidence suggests that the brain alleviates this problem by exploiting “synergies”, or patterns of muscle activities (and/or movement dynamics and kinematics) that can be combined to control action, rather than controlling individual muscles of joints [1–10]. D’Ausilio et al. [11] explain how this view of motor organization based on synergies can profoundly change the way we interpret studies of action recognition in humans and monkeys, and in particular the controversy on the “granularity” of the mirror neuron system (MNs): whether it encodes either (lower) kinematic aspects…