Search results for "Mycotoxin"

Determination of trichothecenes in chicken liver using gas chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry

2018

Abstract Chicken meat and edible offal are included in a wide number of preparations in the worldwide cuisine. Among the offal, the liver is one of the most consumed in some countries like Egypt since it is rich in proteins and is an economical source of many essential nutrients for humans. Mycotoxins, secondary toxic metabolites produced by fungi, have the potential to enter human food chain not only with cereal consumption but also through edible tissues from animals fed with mycotoxin-contaminated feed. Accordingly, a rapid method for the determination of eight trichothecenes in chicken liver was developed based on a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) extraction an…

Development a mitigation strategy of enniatins in pasta under home-cooking conditions

2016

The effect of pasta cooking on the enniatins (ENs) contents was evaluated in white and whole-grain pasta. The cooking of pasta was performed for 10 min in boiling water. ENs were extracted from raw and cooked pasta by Solid-Liquid extraction with acetonitrile, and from cooking water by Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Micro-Extraction (DLLME) with a mixture of acetonitrile and carbone tetrachloride. Mycotoxin analysis was performed by Liquid Chromatography coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry. The effect of pasta cooking has a marked influence on the reduction of ENs levels. Reductions of 98–100% for ENA, 94–95% for ENA1, 14–49% for ENB and 53–65% for ENB1 were achieved after the process. ENs were d…

Multi-mycotoxin analysis in North African semolina samples using a modified QuEChERS-based extraction procedure and HPLC–MS/MS

2014

Chemical reduction of the mycotoxin beauvericin using allyl isothiocyanate.

2011

Abstract Beauvericin (BEA) is a bioactive compound produced by the secondary metabolism of several Fusarium strains and known to have various biological activities. This study investigated the reduction of BEA present in the concentration of 25 mg/kg on a solution model (phosphate buffer saline at pH 4 and 7) and in wheat flour using allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) as a reactant. The concentration of the mycotoxin studied was evaluated using liquid chromatography coupled to the diode array detector (LC-DAD), whereas adducts formed between the BEA and AITC were examined by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry-linear ion trap (LC-MS-LIT). In solution, BEA reduction ranged from 20% t…

Determination of stilbenes in Sicilian pistachio by high-performance liquid chromatographic diode array (HPLC-DAD/FLD) and evaluation of eventually m…

2008

In this work, we have investigated about the presence of several natural stilbenes in 12 samples of pistachios harvested from 10 different farms of Sicily (Bronte and Agrigento). At the same time, we have evaluated the relation between the stilbenes synthesis and the possible contamination of mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. We have found two types of stilbenes in the samples of pistachios examined: trans-resveratrol and trans-resveratrol-3-O-β-glucoside (trans-piceid). Their concentration ranged from 0.07 to 0.18 mg/kg (av. = 0.12 ± 0.03 mg/kg) for trans-resveratrol, from 6.20 to 8.15 mg/kg (av. = 6.97 ± 0.55 mg/kg) for trans-piceid and from 6.38 to 8.2…

A LC/MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of free and masked fumonisins in maize and maize-based products

2008

An LC-ESI-MS/MS method for the simultaneous detection of the main fumonisins and their hydrolysed derivatives is described, allowing for a simplified sample preparation without previous clean up. The method has a very low quantification limit (10 µg/kg for FB1, 12 µg/kg for FB2 and FB3, 70 µg/kg for HFB1, HFB2 and HFB3 in maize flour) and a very good recovery for all the analytes. The method has been applied to check several maize-based foods for the presence of free and bound forms of fumonisins, the latter being determined after alkaline hydrolysis as hydrolysed derivatives. Bound fumonisins were found to be present not only in thermally treated maize-based products but also in mild proc…

Investigating the in vitro catabolic fate of Enniatin B in a human gastrointestinal and colonic model

2019

Abstract Enniatin B is an emerging mycotoxin known to present biological activity because of its ionophoric characteristics. This compound has demonstrated strong in vitro cytotoxicity against different cancer cells, also at low molecular concentrations. Its natural occurrence in food commodities and feed is highly reported world-wide, but few information is available about its stability in the human gastro-intestinal tract. The present work evaluates the catabolic fate of enniatin B upon in vitro simulated digestion and colonic fermentation. LC-MS target and untargeted analysis have been performed to quantify the extent of enniatin B degradation and the formation of catabolic products. The…

Nanomaterials and new biorecognition molecules based surface plasmon resonance biosensors for mycotoxin detection

2019

Mycotoxins are highly toxic secondary metabolites, which may contaminate many types of food and feeds. These toxins have serious health risks for both human and animals. One of the effective ways to prevent food contamination and protect people against mycotoxins is based on timely detection. Several methods like enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and affinity chromatography are commercially available for this purpose. Nevertheless, sensitive, fast, simple, low-cost, and portable devices are absolutely required for a fast point-of care information and making decisions. Application of biosensors appears to be a possible technique to meet this need for mycotoxins analyze. The present study has…

Transcription of genes in the biosynthetic pathway for fumonisin mycotoxins is epigenetically and differentially regulated in the fungal maize pathog…

2012

ABSTRACT When the fungal pathogen Gibberella moniliformis (anamorph, Fusarium verticillioides ) colonizes maize and maize-based products, it produces class B fumonisin (FB) mycotoxins, which are a significant threat to human and animal health. FB biosynthetic enzymes and accessory proteins are encoded by a set of clustered and cotranscribed genes collectively named FUM, whose molecular regulation is beginning to be unraveled by researchers. FB accumulation correlates with the amount of transcripts from the key FUM genes, FUM1 , FUM21 , and FUM8 . In fungi in general, gene expression is often partially controlled at the chromatin level in secondary metabolism; when this is the case, the deac…

Cloning and expression of a cDNA copy of the viral K28 killer toxin gene in yeast

1995

The killer toxin K28, secreted by certain killer strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is genetically encoded by a 1.9 kb double-stranded RNA, M-dsRNA (M28), that is present within the cell as a cytoplasmically inherited virus-like particle (VLP). For stable maintenance and replication, M28-VLPs depend on a second dsRNA virus (LA), which has been shown to encode the major capsid protein (cap) and a capsid-polymerase fusion protein (cap-pol) that provides the toxin-coding M-satellites with their transcription and replicase functions. K28 toxin-coding M28-VLPs were isolated, purified and used in vitro for the synthesis of the single-stranded M28 transcript, which was shown to be of pl…