Search results for "Mycotoxin"
showing 10 items of 426 documents
Inhibition of Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Different Vegetable Matrices by Extracts of Trichoderma Species
2021
Post-harvest fungal diseases of plant products are a serious concern leading to economic losses and health risks. Moreover, the use of synthetic chemical fungicides to prevent these diseases is limited due to toxic residues. This study aimed at determining the effective dose of extracts of Trichoderma 
Cluster organization and pore structure of ion channels formed by beticolin 3, a nonpeptidic fungal toxin
1999
Beticolin 3 (B3) belongs to a family of nonpeptidic phytotoxins produced by the fungus Cercospora beticola, which present a broad spectrum of cytotoxic effects. We report here that, at cytotoxic concentration (10 microM), B3 formed voltage-independent, weakly selective ion channels with multiple conductance levels in planar lipid bilayers. In symmetrical standard solutions, conductance values of the first levels were, respectively, 16 +/- 1 pS, 32 +/- 2 pS, and 57 +/- 2 pS (n = 4) and so on, any conductance level being roughly twice the lower one. Whether a cluster organization of elementary channels or different channel structures underlies this particular property was addressed by investi…
An Integrated Approach for the Valorization of Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Side Streams: Evaluation of Contaminants and Development of Antioxidan…
2021
In this study, the presence of As, Hg, Cd, Pb, and mycotoxins in sea bass side streams (muscle, head, viscera, skin, and tailfin) was evaluated as a preliminary step to assess the effect of an innovative extraction technique (Pressurized Liquid Extraction
Killer-toxin-resistant kre12 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: genetic and biochemical evidence for a secondary K1 membrane receptor.
1995
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae killer toxin K1 is a secreted alpha/beta-heterodimeric protein toxin that kills sensitive yeast cells in a receptor-mediated two-stage process. The first step involves toxin binding to beta-1,6-D-glucan-components of the outer yeast cell surface; this step is blocked in yeast mutants bearing nuclear mutations in any of the KRE genes whose products are involved in synthesis and/or assembly of cell wall beta-D-glucans. After binding to the yeast cell wall, the killer toxin is transferred to the cytoplasmic membrane, subsequently leading to cell death by forming lethal ion channels. In an attempt to identify a secondary K1 toxin receptor at the plasma membrane leve…
Report of the IVth Workshop of the Spanish National Network on Mycotoxins and Toxigenic Fungi and Their Decontamination Processes (MICOFOOD), Held in…
2019
Ensiling is a practice commonly employed worldwide to preserve different kinds of crops for long periods of storage with similar nutritional values to the fresh materials. Since silages are one of the major components of the ruminant diet, these materials represent a potential source of mycotoxins as a consequence of the growth of filamentous fungi. The aim of this study was to analyse the presence of aflatoxins and Fusarium mycotoxins in different types of silages (maize, grass, alfalfa, sugar beet pulp, immature corn and ryegrass) collected in dairy farms located in four Spanish regions. Fungal populations, lactic acid bacteria, pH and water activity of the samples were also evaluated. Pe…
Reactive oxygen species induced by beauvericin, patulin and zearalenone in CHO-K1 cells
2008
The cytotoxic effects of mycotoxins, induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and generation of lipid peroxidation products in CHO-K1 cells were determined as function of increasing time of exposure and concentrations of beauvericin (BEA), patulin (PAT) and zearalenone (ZEA). The end points were evaluated after 24h of exposure, by the tetrazolium salt (MTT) and neutral red (NR) assays. The IC(50) values obtained on the MTT and NR assays ranged from 0.69 to 79.40 microM and 4.40 to 108.76 microM, respectively. To determine the intracellular production of ROS, the intensity of fluorescence emitted from the probe H(2)-DCFDA was measured. The relative intensity of fluorescence from cells incu…
Toxicological interactions between the mycotoxins beauvericin, deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin in CHO-K1 cells in vitro.
2011
Abstract Beauvericin (BEA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 toxin (T-2) are important food-borne mycotoxins that have been implicated in human health. In this study, the acute toxicity of individual and combined mycotoxins (BEA, DON and T-2) were tested in immortalized hamster ovarian cells (CHO-K1) at 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure, by the tetrazolium salt (MTT) and neutral red (NR) assays. The IC50 values obtained for all mycotoxins by the MTT and NR assays ranged from 0.017 to 12.08 μM and from 0.042 to 17.22 μM, respectively. Both, individual and combined mycotoxins demonstrated a significant cytotoxic effect in CHO-K1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. When mycotoxins were assayed individuall…
Occurrence and exposure assessment of mycotoxins in ready-to-eat tree nut products through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with …
2020
Tree nuts have become popular snacks due to their attributed benefits in the health state. Nevertheless, their susceptibility to fungal contamination lead to the occurrence of potentially dangerous mycotoxins. Hence, the aim of this work was to evaluate the presence of mycotoxins in ready-to-eat almonds, walnuts, and pistachios from Italian markets. The most relevant mycotoxin found in almonds was α-zearalanol in 18% of samples (n = 17) ranging from 3.70 to 4.54 µg/kg. Walnut samples showed frequent contamination with alternariol, present in 53% of samples (n = 22) at levels from 0.29 to 1.65 µg/kg. Pistachios (n = 15) were the most contaminated commodity, with β-zear…
Effects of technological processes on enniatin levels in pasta
2015
BACKGROUND Potential human health risks posed by enniatins (ENs) require their control primarily from cereal products, creating a demand for harvesting, food processing and storage techniques capable to prevent, reduce and/or eliminate the contamination. In this study, different methodologies to pasta processing simulating traditional and industrial processes were developed in order to know the fate of the mycotoxin ENs. The levels of ENs were studied at different steps of pasta processing. The effect of the temperature during processing was evaluated in two types of pasta (white and whole-grain pasta). Mycotoxin analysis was performed by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS High reductions (up to 50% and 80%…
Analysis of mycotoxins in coffee and risk assessment in Spanish adolescents and adults.
2015
Mycotoxins are toxic compounds produced by fungal secondary metabolism that cause toxicological effects. Coffee is a highly popular beverage that is susceptible to contamination by mycotoxigenic fungi. The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of the following 21 mycotoxins in coffee using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS-IT): aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2; ochratoxin A; nivalenol; deoxynivalenol; 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol; 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol; diacetoxyscirpenol; neosolaniol; T-2 and HT-2 toxin; sterigmatocystin; enniatin A, A1, B, and B1; beauvericin; and fumonisin B1 and B2. We aimed to determine differences by coffee process (coffee maker, electri…