Search results for "NASAL"
showing 10 items of 426 documents
Neural Substrate to Associate Odorants and Pheromones: Convergence of Projections from the Main and Accessory Olfactory Bulbs in Mice
2012
In rodents olfactory stimuli are essential for socio-sexual behaviour. Volatile stimuli mainly activate the main olfactory system, whereas non-volatile ones, some of them considered as pheromones, activate the accessory olfactory system. Traditionally, it has been considered that the efferent projections of the main and the accessory olfactory bulbs innervate different telencephalic areas. Recent studies performed in rats and mice have challenged this view. In this work we explore in mice, through the use of anterograde tracer injections in the olfactory bulbs, the brain centres where olfactory and vomeronasal information might converge.
Chemosensory Function of the Amygdala
2010
The chemosensory amygdala has been traditionally divided into two divisions based on inputs from the main (olfactory amygdala) or accessory (vomeronasal amygdala) olfactory bulbs, supposedly playing different and independent functional roles detecting odors and pheromones, respectively. Recently, there has been increased anatomical evidence of convergence inputs from the main and accessory bulbs in some areas of the amygdala, and this is correlated with functional evidence of interrelationships between the olfactory and the vomeronasal systems. This has lead to the characterization of a third division of the chemosensory amygdala, the mixed chemosensory amygdala, providing a new perspective…
The vomeronasal cortex - afferent and efferent projections of the posteromedial cortical nucleus of the amygdala in mice
2013
Most mammals possess a vomeronasal system that detects predominantly chemical signals of biological relevance. Vomeronasal information is relayed to the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), whose unique cortical target is the posteromedial cortical nucleus of the amygdala. This cortical structure should therefore be considered the primary vomeronasal cortex. In the present work, we describe the afferent and efferent connections of the posteromedial cortical nucleus of the amygdala in female mice, using anterograde (biotinylated dextranamines) and retrograde (Fluorogold) tracers, and zinc selenite as a tracer specific for zinc-enriched (putative glutamatergic) projections. The results show that t…
Fiber Connections of the Amygdaloid Formation of the Lizard <i>Podarcis hispanica</i>
1993
The amygdaloid formation of the lizard Podarcis hispanica can be divided into three main groups of nuclei on the basis of their input from the main and accessory olfactory bulbs: the vomeronasal amygdala, the olfactory amygdala and the dorsal amygdaloid group, the latter group receiving afferents from neither the main (MOB) or the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). The vomeronasal amygdala has a centrifugal projection to the AOB, an important commissural connection to the contralateral vomeronasal amygdala, a minor projection to nucleus accumbens, and a bilateral projection to the lateral cortex. The olfactory amygdala displays a bilateral afferents from the MOB, receives a contralateral affer…
Sexual pheromones and the evolution of the reward system of the brain: the chemosensory function of the amygdala.
2008
The amygdala of all tetrapod vertebrates receives direct projections from the main and accessory olfactory bulbs, and the strong similarities in the organization of these projections suggest that they have undergone a very conservative evolution. However, current ideas about the function of the amygdala do not pay sufficient attention to its chemosensory role, but only view it as the core of the emotional brain. In this study, we propose that both roles of the amygdala are intimately linked since the amygdala is actually involved in mediating emotional responses to chemical signals. The amygdala is the only structure in the brain receiving pheromonal information directly from the accessory …
High flow nasal therapy in perioperative medicine: from operating room to general ward
2018
Abstract Background High flow nasal therapy (HFNT) is a technique in which humidified and heated gas is delivered to the airways through the nose via small nasal prongs at flows that are higher than the rates generally applied during conventional oxygen therapy. The delivered high flow rates combine mixtures of air and oxygen and enable different inspired oxygen fractions ranging from 0.21 to 1. HFNT is increasingly used in critically ill adult patients, especially hypoxemic patients in different clinical settings. Main body Noninvasive ventilation delivers positive pressure (end-expiratory and inspiratory pressures or continuous positive airway pressure) via different external interfaces. …
Long-term effect on adenoid dimensions and craniocervical angulation after maxillary expansion with fixed or functional appliances
2020
Background Maxillary expansion is a common orthodontic procedure that could have a positive effect also on airway patency. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on nasopharyngeal area and cranio-cervical angulation in growing patients, compared to controls treated with a function-generating bite appliance (FGB). Material and methods Sixty patients aged 6-14 consecutively treated with RME or FGB were selected retrospectively and divided into two groups. Lateral cephalograms taken before and after treatment were retrieved, and the nasopharyngeal area, delimited superiorly by a sella-posterior nasal spine (PNS) line and inferiorly…
Alternative intraoral donor sites to the chin and mandibular body-ramus.
2017
Background Provide a review of alternative intraoral donor sites to the chin and body-ramus of the mandible that bring fewer complications and that may be used to regenerate small and medium defects. Material and Methods A review was conducted using the search engine PUBMED and looking manually into scientific journals. Results From the 35 articles included, 6 corresponded to the coronoids, 3 corresponded to the zygomatic body, 5 corresponded to the anterior maxillary sinus wall, 3 corresponded to the zygomatic alveolar process, 2 corresponded to the incisive fossa, 2 corresponded to the anterior nasal spine, 2 corresponded to the palatal region, 5 corresponded to the tuberosity, and 7 corr…
An international perspective on hospitalized patients with viral community-acquired pneumonia
2019
Background Who should be tested for viruses in patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP), prevalence and risk factors for viral CAP are still debated. We evaluated the frequency of viral testing, virus prevalence, risk factors and treatment coverage with oseltamivir in patients admitted for CAP. Methods Secondary analysis of GLIMP, an international, multicenter, point-prevalence study of hospitalized adults with CAP. Testing frequency, prevalence of viral CAP and treatment with oseltamivir were assessed among patients who underwent a viral swab. Univariate and multivariate analysis was used to evaluate risk factors. Results 553 (14.9%) patients with CAP underwent nasal swab. Viral CA…
Sinusitis in Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy
1993
In 19 patients with thyroid associated ophthalmopathy undergoing orbital decompression, histologic examination of paranasal sinus mucosa revealed moderate to severe inflammatory alterations in all patients. Only 2/19 patients had a history of chronic sinusitis. In 4/19 patients, mucosal abnormalities of the paranasal sinuses were found on preoperative computed tomography CT scans. Postoperatively, 10/19 patients developed purulent sinusitis. It is suggested that patients suffering from thyroid associated ophthalmopathy have an increased incidence of histologically detectable inflammatory changes of paranasal sinus mucosa. Because of preexisting mucosal inflammation, these patients are pron…