Search results for "NCT"
showing 10 items of 16712 documents
Estrogenic regulation of skeletal muscle proteome : a study of premenopausal women and postmenopausal MZ cotwins discordant for hormonal therapy
2017
Female middle age is characterized by a decline in skeletal muscle mass and performance, predisposing women to sarcopenia, functional limitations, and metabolic dysfunction as they age. Menopausal loss of ovarian function leading to low circulating level of 17b-estradiol has been suggested as a contributing factor to aging-related muscle deterioration. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown and thus far androgens have been considered as a major anabolic hormone for skeletal muscle. We utilized muscle samples from 24 pre- and postmenopausal women to establish proteome-wide profiles, associated with the difference in age (30–34 years old vs. 54– 62 years old), men…
Biased Agonism in Drug Discovery—Is It Too Soon to Choose a Path?
2018
A single receptor can activate multiple signaling pathways that have distinct or even opposite effects on cell function. Biased agonists stabilize receptor conformations preferentially stimulating one of these pathways, and therefore allow a more targeted modulation of cell function and treatment of disease. Dedicated development of biased agonists has led to promising drug candidates in clinical development, such as the G protein-biased µ opioid receptor agonist oliceridine. However, leveraging the theoretical potential of biased agonism for drug discovery faces several challenges. Some of these challenges are technical, such as techniques for quantitative analysis of bias and development …
Exacerbation of adverse cardiovascular effects of aircraft noise in an animal model of arterial hypertension
2020
Arterial hypertension is the most important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Recently, aircraft noise has been shown to be associated with elevated blood pressure, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Here, we investigated the potential exacerbated cardiovascular effects of aircraft noise in combination with experimental arterial hypertension. C57BL/6J mice were infused with 0.5 mg/kg/d of angiotensin II for 7 days, exposed to aircraft noise for 7 days at a maximum sound pressure level of 85 dB(A) and a mean sound pressure level of 72 dB(A), or subjected to both stressors. Noise and angiotensin II increased blood pressure, endothelial dysfunction, oxidati…
Platelet Pathogen Reduction Technologies Alter the MicroRNA Profile of Platelet-Derived Microparticles
2020
Despite improvements in donor screening and increasing efforts to avoid contamination and the spread of pathogens in clinical platelet concentrates (PCs), the risks of transfusion-transmitted infections remain important. Relying on an ultraviolet photo activation system, pathogen reduction technologies (PRTs), such as Intercept and Mirasol, utilize amotosalen, and riboflavin (vitamin B2), respectively, to mediate inactivation of pathogen nucleic acids. Although they are expected to increase the safety and prolong the shelf life of clinical PCs, these PRTs might affect the quality and function of platelets, as recently reported. Upon activation, platelets release microparticles (MPs), which …
Functional, textural and sensory properties of dry pasta supplemented with lyophilized tomato matrix or with durum wheat bran extracts produced by su…
2016
A study was carried out to produce functional pasta by adding bran aqueous extract (BW) and bran oleoresin (BO) obtained using ultrasound and supercritical CO2, respectively, or a powdery lyophilized tomato matrix (LT). The bioactive compounds, hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activity (HAA and LAA) in vitro, were evaluated. BW supplementation did not improve antioxidant activity, whilst LT pasta showed unconventional taste and odor. BO pasta had good levels of tocochromanols (2551 μg/100 g pasta f.w.) and carotenoids (40.2 μg/100 g pasta f.w.), and the highest HAA and LAA. The oleoresin altered starch swelling and gluten network, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy, therefor…
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Benefits and endpoints in sport
2018
The influence of nutrition has the potential to substantially affect physical function and body metabolism. Particular attention has been focused on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), which can be found both in terrestrial features and in the marine world. They are responsible for numerous cellular functions, such as signaling, cell membrane fluidity, and structural maintenance. They also regulate the nervous system, blood pressure, hematic clotting, glucose tolerance, and inflammatory processes, which may be useful in all inflammatory conditions. Animal models and cell-based models show that n-3 PUFAs can influence skeletal muscle metabolism. Furthermore, recent human studies…
Regulation of vascular function and inflammation via cross talk of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species from mitochondria or nadph oxidase—implicatio…
2020
Oxidative stress plays a key role for the development of cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative disease. This concept has been proven by using the approach of genetic deletion of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) producing, pro-oxidant enzymes as well as by the overexpression of RONS detoxifying, antioxidant enzymes leading to an amelioration of the severity of diseases. Vice versa, the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases is aggravated by overexpression of RONS producing enzymes as well as deletion of RONS detoxifying enzymes. We have previously identified cross talk mechanisms between different sources of RONS, which can amplify the oxidative stress-m…
Germ-free housing conditions do not affect aortic root and aortic arch lesion size of late atherosclerotic low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient…
2020
The microbiota has been linked to the development of atherosclerosis, but the functional impact of these resident bacteria on the lesion size and cellular composition of atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta has never been experimentally addressed with the germ-free low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr(-/-)) mouse atherosclerosis model. Here, we report that 16 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding of hypercholesterolemicLdlr(-/-)mice at germ-free (GF) housing conditions did not impact relative aortic root plaque size, macrophage content, and necrotic core area. Likewise, we did not find changes in the relative aortic arch lesion size. However, late atherosclerotic GFLdlr(-/-)mice …
Hemodynamic Instability in Heart Failure Intensifies Age-Dependent Cognitive Decline
2020
This review attempts to examine two key elements in the evolution of cognitive impairment in the elderly who develop heart failure. First, major left side heart parts can structurally and functionally deteriorate from aging wear and tear to provoke hemodynamic instability where heart failure worsens or is initiated; second, heart failure is a major inducer of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease in the elderly. In heart failure, when the left ventricular myocardium of an elderly person does not properly contract, it cannot pump out adequate blood to the brain, raising the risk of cognitive impairment due to the intensification of chronic brain hypoperfusion. Chronic brain hypoperfus…
Chronic inflammation: A key role in degeneration of bicuspid aortic valve.
2019
Abstract Introduction Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital valvular heart defect resulting from abnormal aortic cusp formation during heart development, where two of the three normal and equal sized cusps fuse into a single large cusp resulting in a two cusps aortic valve. Over the past years, much interest has been given in understanding the pathogenesis of BAV and its complications. In this review, we focused on the role of inflammation, involved in the degeneration of BAV and the development of its complications. Role of inflammation From a pathophysiological point of view, BAV may rapidly progress into aortic stenosis (AS) and is related to aortopathy. Several histo…