Search results for "NERVE"

The course of corticofacial projections in the human brainstem.

2001

Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to investigate the corticofacial projections in 53 patients with (n = 28) and without (n = 25) central facial paresis due to unifocal ischaemic lesions at different brainstem levels. Lesion topography documented by MRI studies was correlated with the electrophysiological findings. In the majority of patients the corticofacial fibres travel within the ventromedial base of the pons and cross the midline at the level of the facial nucleus. In some individuals, however, we found evidence that corticolingual fibres form an 'aberrant bundle' in a paralemniscal position at the dorsal edge of the pontine base. In other patients the corticofacial fibres loo…

Genes, dopamine and cortical signal-to-noise ratio in schizophrenia.

2004

A large body of phenomenological evidence implicates abnormal connectivity of brain macrocircuitry and microcircuitry in schizophrenia. Recent discoveries of susceptibility genes for schizophrenia have zeroed in on the synaptic signaling machinery of cortical microcircuits as fundamental to disease causation and have militated for further revision of the role of dopamine in this illness. Dopamine, long implicated in psychosis and in antipsychotic drug effects, is crucial in optimizing signal-to-noise ratio of local cortical microcircuits. This action of dopamine is achieved principally by D1- and D2-receptor-mediated effects on pyramidal and local circuit neurons, which mediate neuronal exc…

On localization of moving objects in the visual system of cats.

1980

In cortical areas direction-specific receptive fields occur systematically. Direction specifity is based on unsymmetric coupling of neurons. Such a coupling allows an exact localization of moved stimuli. For this task, the asymmetry in the time domain is compensated for by a spatial asymmetry.

Rethinking physical and rehabilitation medicine: new technologies induce new learning strategies

2010

International audience; Reeducation consists in training people injured by either illness or the vagaries of life to achieve the best fundionality now possible for them. Strangely, the subject is not taught in the normal educational curricula of the relevant professions. Reeducation thus tends to be developed anew with each patient, without recourse to knowledge of what such training, or assistance in such training, might be. However, new paradigms of reeducation are in fact possible today, thanks to advances in cognitive science and the development of new technologies such as virtual reality and robotics. In turn, they lead to the rethinking of the procedures of physical medicine, as well …

Chromogenic and fluorogenic reagents for chemical warfare nerve agents' detection

2008

The ease of production, the extreme toxicity of organophosphorus-containing nerve agents, and their facile use in terrorism attacks underscores the need to develop accurate systems to detect these chemicals. Among different technologies we review here recent advances in the design of chromo-fluorogenic methods for the specific detection of nerve agents. Optical sensing (especially colorimetric detection) requires usually low-cost and widely used instrumentation and offers the possibility of so-called “naked eye detection”. Recent reported examples suggest that the application of chromo-fluorogenic supramolecular concepts for the chromogenic or fluorogenic sensing of nerve agents might be an…

Discrimination of nerve gases mimics and other organophosphorous derivatives in gas phase using a colorimetric probe array.

2012

A colorimetric array for the chromogenic discrimination of organophosphorous derivatives in gas phase has been developed. The array allows us to classify the nerve agent simulants DFP, DCP and DCNP.

Aryl carbinols as nerve agent probes. Influence of the conjugation on the sensing properties

2012

Two new aryl carbinols (1 and 3) have been synthesised and characterised and their ability as OFF-ON probes for the chromogenic detection of the nerve agent simulant in acetonitrile has been tested. In addition compound 2 has been also studied. The carbinols suffered a phosphorylation reaction followed by an elimination process giving rise to the corresponding carbocations. This transformation of the carbinol into the carbocation is responsible for a significant color change. © The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 2012.

Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles as an Approach to the Direct Colorimetric Detection of DCNP Nerve Agent Simulant

2013

New functionalized gold nanoparticles have been synthesized and their ability to act as colorimetric molecular probes for the naked-eye detection of nerve agent simulant DCNP has been studied. The detection process is based on the com

Heteroreceptor-mediated modulation of noradrenaline and acetylcholine release from peripheral nerves

2006

Dual effects of increased glycogen synthase kinase-3β activity on adult neurogenesis

2013

Adult neurogenesis, the generation of new neurons during the adulthood, is a process controlled by several kinases and phosphatases among which GSK3β exerts important functions. This protein is particularly abundant in the central nervous system, and its activity deregulation is believed to play a key role in chronic disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Previously, we reported that in vivo overexpression of GSK3β (Tet/GSK3β mice) causes alterations in adult neurogenesis, leading to a depletion of the neurogenic niches. Here, we have further characterized those alterations, finding a delay in the switching-off of doublecortin marker as well as changes in the survival and death rates of imm…