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showing 10 items of 6843 documents
Cubic smoothing splines background correction in on-line liquid chromatography–Fourier transform infrared spectrometry
2010
A background correction method for the on-line coupling of gradient liquid chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (LC-FTIR) is proposed. The developed approach applies univariate background correction to each variable (i.e. each wave number) individually. Spectra measured in the region before and after each peak cluster are used as knots to model the variation of the eluent absorption intensity with time using cubic smoothing splines (CSS) functions. The new approach has been successfully tested on simulated as well as on real data sets obtained from injections of standard mixtures of polyethylene glycols with four different molecular weights in methanol:water, 2-propano…
Detection of fluorine using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy
2017
In general, the detection of F and other halogens is challenging through conventional techniques. In this paper, various approaches for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of F using the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique were demonstrated. In LIBS, fluorine detection can be realized by means of atomic lines and molecular bands. For the purposes of our experiment, two sets of pellets with various contents of CaF2, CaCO3 and cellulose were analyzed using a lab-based LIBS system under a He atmosphere. The fluorine atomic line at 685.60 nm was correlated with CaF signals proving their close relationship. Consequently, the limits of detection were determined for both an…
Structure and properties of GaNxOy films grown by nitridation of GaAs (100) substrates
2004
GaAs (100) substrates have been heat-treated in a metal-organic chemical vapor deposition reactor under flows of NH 3 and an oxygen organo-metallic precursor at temperatures between 650°C and 750°C. Yellowish films formed at the surface of all the samples. Gallium, nitrogen and oxygen were detected by EDX analysis of the films. The oxygen content was estimated in the range of at 5-10 at% depending on the heat-treatment temperature. X-ray diffraction and HRTEM results indicate that the structure of the films corresponds to the hexagonal wurtzite phase of GaN with an expanded unit cell. Raman spectra show hands corresponding to the Raman active GaN modes as well as disorder-activated broad ba…
Spectroscopic Detection and Structure of Hydroxidooxidosulfur (HOSO) Radical, An Important Intermediate in the Chemistry of Sulfur-Bearing Compounds
2013
The rotational spectrum of hydroxidooxidosulfur, HOSO, an intermediate of particular interest in the combustion of sulfur-rich fuels, has been determined to high accuracy from gas-phase measurements. Detection of specific isotopic species using isotopically enriched gases suggests that HOSO is formed in our discharge nozzle via the reaction H + SO2 (+M) → HOSO (+M). A precise experimental r0 geometry has also been derived from the isotopic analysis; HOSO has a cis configuration, but the subtle structural question of its planarity remains unresolved. From the derived spectroscopic constants, in situ and remote sensing for this fundamental radical can now be undertaken in a variety of environ…
Use of radiation sources with mercury isotopes for real-time highly sensitive and selective benzene determination in air and natural gas by different…
2015
A new analytical portable system is proposed for the direct determination of benzene vapor in the ambient air and natural gas, using differential absorption spectrometry with the direct Zeeman effect and innovative radiation sources: capillary mercury lamps with different isotopic compositions ((196)Hg, (198)Hg, (202)Hg, (204)Hg, and natural isotopic mixture). Resonance emission of mercury at a wavelength of 254 nm is used as probing radiation. The differential cross section of benzene absorption in dependence on wavelength is determined by scanning of magnetic field. It is found that the sensitivity of benzene detection is enhanced three times using lamp with the mercury isotope (204)Hg in…
Reactive direct current magnetron sputtered TiO2 thin films with amorphous to crystalline structures.
2008
International audience; TiO2 thin films were deposited on soda–lime glass substrates by reactive direct current magnetron sputtering in a mixture of pure argon and oxygen. The influence of both the deposition time, td, and the post-annealing treatments on the films morphology, composition and structure was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectrons spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Amorphous TiO2 was obtained for the shortest deposition time, td=15 min. Increasing td up to 30 min, poorly crystallized anatase and rutile phases were formed together with amorphous TiO2, as was revealed by complementary XRD patterns and Raman spectra…
Study of surface layers and ejected powder formed by oxidation of titanium substrates with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam.
2009
Laser treatment of a titanium surface at certain conditions initiates the formation of titanium oxide layers as well as micro (nano) scale powder ejected from the surface of the substrate. The resultant morphology of the surface as well as the size and the structure of the particles are all strongly dependent on the treatment parameters (laser fluence, pulse frequency, overlap parameter, etc.). In this study, titanium substrates were treated with an industrial pulsed Nd:YAG laser in air, with varying parameters. Surface layers and ejected materials were compared using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The rutile phase of TiO(2) dominate…
Pulsed laser growth and characterization of thin films on titanium substrates
2007
Abstract Colored layers were obtained by laser surface treatment of Ti substrates with a pulsed Nd:YAG Q-switched laser. The changes in the morphology, structure and chemical composition of the layers were studied by SEM, EDS, XPS, SIMS and Raman spectroscopy as a function of the laser fluence in the 4–60 J cm −2 . For laser fluences lower than 25 J cm −2 , the layers are colorless or yellow. Their surface is smooth, but they display cracks which increase when the fluence increases. The O/Ti ratio, determined by XPS analysis, varies from 0.7 (colorless layers) to 1.3 (yellow layer). Moreover, XPS spectra evidence non-negligible amounts of nitrogen and carbon in these layers. Raman spectra s…
One-Dimensional TiO2-B Crystals Synthesised by Hydrothermal Process and Their Antibacterial Behaviour on Escherichia coli
2016
We have successfully synthesised one-dimensional single crystals of monoclinic phase titanium dioxide nanostructures (TiO2-B), prepared by a hydrothermal process. Morphological characterization was carried out by atomic force and scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques. In order to study the crystalline structure, samples were calcined at 500°C in an air-filled chamber. X-ray diffraction results indicated that as-prepared samples presented diffraction patterns of hydrate hydrogen titanate and those calcined at 500°C exhibited the TiO2-B and anatase phases, confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that the one-dimensional nanostructures ha…
Optical and Acoustic Vibrations Confined in Anatase TiO2 Nanoparticles under High-Pressure
2014
International audience; The effect of an applied high pressure on the optical and acoustic vibrations of small anatase TiO2 nanoparticles is studied using Raman scattering. All the Raman peaks show a significant variation of their frequency with pressure, except for the low-frequency peak which is due to acoustic vibrations confined in the nanoparticles. These variations (or lack thereof) are compared to first-principles calculations of the stiffness tensor and phonons of bulk anatase TiO2 as a function of pressure. In particular, the variation of the shape of the low-frequency peak is explained by the increase of the elastic anisotropy of anatase TiO2 as pressure is increased.