Search results for "Neuron"
showing 10 items of 2611 documents
Red Light Optogenetics in Neuroscience
2022
Optogenetics, a field concentrating on controlling cellular functions by means of light-activated proteins, has shown tremendous potential in neuroscience. It possesses superior spatiotemporal resolution compared to the surgical, electrical, and pharmacological methods traditionally used in studying brain function. A multitude of optogenetic tools for neuroscience have been created that, for example, enable the control of action potential generation via light-activated ion channels. Other optogenetic proteins have been used in the brain, for example, to control long-term potentiation or to ablate specific subtypes of neurons. In in vivo applications, however, the majority of optogenetic too…
Comment changer les comportements alimentaires ? Rôle des messages nutritionnels et du plaisir
2021
International audience
The Clock'N Test as a Possible Measure of Emotions: Normative Data Collected on a Non-clinical Population.
2016
International audience; Objective: At present emotional experience and implicit emotion regulation (IER) abilities are mainly assessed though self -reports, which are subjected to several biases. The aim of the present studies was to validate the Clock'N test, a recently developed time estimation task employing emotional priming to assess implicitly emotional reactivity and IER. Methods: In Study 1, the Clock' N test was administered to 150 healthy participants with different age, laterality and gender, in order to ascertain whether these factors affected the test results. In phase 1 participant were asked to judge the duration of seven sounds. In phase 2, before judging the duration of the…
Distribución y dinámica de la prolil-oligopeptidasa (prep) en la neurona y su relación con la diferenciación, maduración, envejecimiento y neurodegen…
2012
La enzima Prolil-oligopeptidasa (PREP) es una enzima que, a diferencia de muchas peptidasas, es capaz de cortar resíduos de prolina. El hecho de que sea una enzima que se ha conservado desde el último ancestro común a todas las formas de vida, que se encuentre en grandes cantidades en el cerebro, que utilice como sustratos péptidos relacionados con el aprendizaje y la memoria y que sus inhibidores sean capaces de revertir la pérdida de memoria en ratones con daño neuronal, han hecho que esta enzima sea objeto de numerosos estudios a fin de esclarecer cuál es su función en el cerebro y si sus inhibidores podrían ser posibles agentes terapéuticos, en un futuro, en el tratamiento o prevención …
Estrés, estrategias de afrontamiento y personalidad resiliente en deportistas y su relación con el rendimiento académico y deportivo
2020
La actividad fisicodeportiva, en todas sus manifestaciones, es una de las prácticas humanas con mayor arraigo en nuestra sociedad actual. El deporte debe ser entendido como algo más que un simple entretenimiento, se trata de un auténtico fenómeno sociocultural. Cuando realizamos una actividad deportiva mejoramos aspectos que refuerzan la autoestima de la persona repercutiendo en la mejora de la personalidad y, de este modo, favoreciendo los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Este motivo ha llevado a estudiar las relaciones existentes entre la practica deportiva y rendimiento académico en adolescentes observándose que aquellos jóvenes que realizan actividad física habitualmente tienen mejor …
Alterations in the structure of neuronal inhibitory networks in psychiatric disorders
2013
Introducción El trabajo de investigación de la presente Tesis doctoral realizado por Javier Gilabert Juan, ha estado centrado en el estudio de la plasticidad estructural neuronal de interneuronas en trastornos psiquiátricos, abordado desde diferentes estrategias de estudio: modelos animales, estudios en muestras de cerebro postmortem de pacientes con enfermedades psiquiátricas y estudios de asociación. Durante los últimos años, diversos trabajos han puesto de manifiesto que ciertas neuronas del sistema nervioso central (SNC) adulto son capaces de remodelar su estructura y cambiar sus conexiones. Esta plasticidad estructural subyace a fenómenos cognitivos y se produce también como respuesta …
Burst analysis tool for developing neuronal networks exhibiting highly varying action potential dynamics
2012
In this paper we propose a firing statistics based neuronal network burst detection algorithm for neuronal networks exhibiting highly variable action potential dynamics. Electrical activity of neuronal networks is generally analyzed by the occurrences of spikes and bursts both in time and space. Commonly accepted analysis tools employ burst detection algorithms based on predefined criteria. However, maturing neuronal networks, such as those originating from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), exhibit highly variable network structure and time-varying dynamics. To explore the developing burst/spike activities of such networks, we propose a burst detection algorithm which utilizes the firing …
Hédonisme et durabilité des comportements alimentaires : que nous apprend le confinement ?
2020
National audience
Tiam1 as a Signaling Mediator of Nerve Growth Factor-Dependent Neurite Outgrowth
2010
Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)-induced neuronal differentiation requires the activation of members of the Rho family of small GTPases. However, the molecular mechanisms through which NGF regulates cytoskeletal changes and neurite outgrowth are not totally understood. In this work, we identify the Rac1-specific guanine exchange factor (GEF) Tiam1 as a novel mediator of NGF/TrkA-dependent neurite elongation. In particular, we report that knockdown of Tiam1 causes a significant reduction in Rac1 activity and neurite outgrowth induced by NGF. Physical interaction between Tiam1 and active Ras (Ras- GTP), but not tyrosine phosphorylation of Tiam1, plays a central role in Rac1 activation by NGF. In add…
Spectral entropy based neuronal network synchronization analysis based on microelectrode array measurements
2016
Synchrony and asynchrony are essential aspects of the functioning of interconnected neuronal cells and networks. New information on neuronal synchronization can be expected to aid in understanding these systems. Synchronization provides insight in the functional connectivity and the spatial distribution of the information processing in the networks. Synchronization is generally studied with time domain analysis of neuronal events, or using direct frequency spectrum analysis, e.g., in specific frequency bands. However, these methods have their pitfalls. Thus, we have previously proposed a method to analyze temporal changes in the complexity of the frequency of signals originating from differ…