Search results for "Neurosurgery"
showing 10 items of 7907 documents
Management of chronic knee osteoarthritis pain: Where are we going?
2016
Recent Advances in Computational Approaches for Designing Potential Anti-Alzheimer’s Agents
2017
“Brainstorming”: Extracellular Vesicles in Physical Activity and Neuronal Health
2020
Physical and mental activity are known to contribute to brain health and overall longevity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted attention for their ability to transport bioactive cargo through various body-fluids and their role in tissue crosstalk and regeneration. Targeted intercellular communication processes, including those facilitated by EVs, are of vital importance for the complex architecture and function of the brain. Activated neurons trigger the transfer of EVs from myelinating oligodendrocytes to neurons, promoting neuronal long-term maintenance and survival. Likewise, physical activity leads to the liberation of EVs into the circulation, while the molecular link between …
Patología vascular: ¿causa o efecto en la enfermedad de Alzheimer?
2018
Resumen: Introducción: La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es la principal enfermedad neurodegenerativa cortical. Su incidencia aumenta con la edad, lo que provoca importantes problemas médicos, sociales y económicos, especialmente en países con población envejecida. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión es poner de manifiesto las evidencias que existen sobre el modo en que la disfunción vascular puede contribuir al deterioro cognitivo en la EA, así como las posibilidades terapéuticas que de ello podrían derivarse. Desarrollo: La hipótesis vascular ha surgido como alternativa a la hipótesis de la cascada amiloide como explicación de la fisiopatología de la EA. Esta hipótesis sitúa en los vasos…
Author response: Dopamine neurons drive fear extinction learning by signaling the omission of expected aversive outcomes
2018
Barrel Cortex Function Special Issue Editorial
2018
Overview of the History of the Cranial Nerves: From Galen to the 21st Century
2018
Throughout history the description and classification of the cranial nerves has been linked to the development and characteristics of anatomy and the role that it played as a tool in providing rationality to medicine, together with social, cultural, religious, and philosophical factors. Anatomists were interested in the cranial nerves, but they disagreed on their number and their paths. We can divide the history of the cranial nerves into three different periods: the first, early or macroscopic period; the second or microscopic period; and the third period or ontogenesis and genoarchitecture. The main aim of this article is to show how the description and knowledge of the cranial nerves wer…
Building Robustness into Translational Research
2020
AbstractNonclinical studies form the basis for the decision whether to take a therapeutic candidate into the clinic. These studies need to exhibit translational robustness for both ethical and economic reasons. Key findings confirmed in multiple species have a greater chance to also occur in humans. Given the heterogeneity of patient populations, preclinical studies or at least programs comprising multiple studies need to reflect such heterogeneity, e.g., regarding strains, sex, age, and comorbidities of experimental animals. However, introducing such heterogeneity requires larger studies/programs to maintain statistical power in the face of greater variability. In addition to classic sourc…
L’emploi de méthodes mathématiques pour détecter la présence de potentiels évoqués dans le coma : un aide ou un fardeau ?
2016
Un des defis majeurs auxquels sont confrontes les services de reanimation est de pouvoir predire precisement et precocement vers quel etat evoluera la conscience des patients dans le coma pour anoxie cerebrale. Afin d’obtenir des indices directs sur l’etat cerebral fonctionnel, l’emploi des potentiels evoques est recommande, et notamment l’enregistrement de la negativite de discordance (MMN). La MMN est une onde cerebrale apparaissant entre 100 et 200 ms apres l’apparition d’un nouveau stimulus dans une sequence de stimuli identique et sa presence est un signe fort de recuperation. Le standard dans la determination de la presence d’une onde MMN en pratique clinique est l’analyse visuelle pa…
La alteración de la mielina en la enfermedad de Alexander
2018
Resumen: Introducción: La enfermedad de Alexander (AxD) es una leucodistrofia. Su base patológica, junto a la pérdida de mielina, es la aparición de los cuerpos de Rosenthal, que son inclusiones citoplasmáticas en células astrocitarias. Mutaciones en el gen que codifica la GFAP se han identificado como una base genética para AxD. Sin embargo, no se conoce el mecanismo por el cual estas variantes producen la enfermedad. Desarrollo: La hipótesis más extendida es que AxD se desarrolla por un mecanismo por ganancia de función debido al incremento de GFAP. Sin embargo, este mecanismo no explica la pérdida mielínica, dado que los modelos experimentales que expresan GFAP normal o mutada no generan…