Search results for "Notation"
showing 10 items of 317 documents
Intrinsic defect formation in amorphousSiO2by electronic excitation: Bond dissociation versus Frenkel mechanisms
2008
Two competing mechanisms of intrinsic defect formation in amorphous ${\text{SiO}}_{2}$ $(a{\text{-SiO}}_{2})$, i.e., the vacancy-interstitial (Frenkel) mechanism and Si-O bond dissociation to form silicon and oxygen dangling bonds, were compared under $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray electronic excitation. The Frenkel mechanism was found to be dominant. The concentrations of both kinds of defects strongly correlate with the degree of the structural disorder of $a{\text{-SiO}}_{2}$, providing experimental evidence that both types of intrinsic defect pairs are formed mainly from the strained Si-O-Si bonds. The bond dissociation mechanism is more susceptible to the structural disorder than the vacanc…
Frenkel defect process in amorphous silica
2011
Point defects strongly influence optical properties of synthetic amorphous silica (synthetic a-SiO2) used in excimer laser photolithography and their properties are intensively studied. Decomposition of an Si-O-Si bond into a pair of oxygen vacancy and interstitial oxygen species is an intrinsic defect process in a-SiO2. It is similar to the creation of vacancy-interstitial pairs in crystalline materials and is regarded as "Frenkel defect process" in an amorphous material. Oxygens are also known to be emitted from a-SiO2 surfaces under irradiation with vacuumultraviolet (VUV) light or electron beam. However, the anion part of the Frenkel pair in a-SiO2, interstitial oxygen atom, lacks relia…
Fundamentals of the design and the operation of an intelligent tutoring system for the learning of the arithmetical and algebraic way of solving word…
2013
Designers of interactive learning environments with a focus on word problem solving usually have to compromise between the amount of resolution paths that a user is allowed to follow and the quality of the feedback provided. We have built an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) that is able to both track the user's actions and provide adequate supervision during the resolution. This is done without imposing any restriction on the resolution paths that are allowed. Instead, the system attempts to enforce metacognitive learning by requiring an appropriate definition of quantities before they are used. The program (a) supports both the arithmetical and algebraic way of solving problems; (b) allow…
When is Meaning in Life Most Beneficial to Young People? Styles of Meaning in Life and Well-Being Among Late Adolescents
2017
The purpose of this article was to investigate the relationships between different dimensions of meaning in life and subjective and psychological well-being (PWB) among late adolescents. Three hundred and eighty four Polish participants completed The Personal Meaning Profile scale, The Satisfaction With Life Scale, The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, The PWB scale, and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire. Two studies were conducted. In Study 1, the findings revealed that personal meaning had strong relations with subjective well-being (SWB) and PWB. In addition, the dimensions of personal meaning were more strongly associated with the cognitive dimension of SWB than with PWB. In Study …
Technical and tactical analysis of women’s volleyball
2013
Summary Introduction: The study aim was to construct a technical and tactical analysis of women’s volleyball based on notational analysis in top-level and junior women’s European volleyball matches, to compare these two levels, and to clarify the differences between the winners and losers of a set. Material and Methods: Four matches from the 2010 FIVB Women’s Volleyball World Championships and 2010 CEV Junior Women’s European Championship 2010 were analyzed using Data Volley software. The number and performance level of different skills were recorded in total and were grouped according to the role of the players. Methods of scoring and attacking zones were also analyzed. Results: There were…
Isolation and Characterization of Two Klebsiella pneumoniae Phages Encoding Divergent Depolymerases
2020
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a major global health concern. The search for new therapies has brought bacteriophages into the spotlight, and new phages are being described as possible therapeutic agents. Among the bacteria that are most extensively resistant to current antibiotics is Klebsiella pneumoniae, whose hypervariable extracellular capsule makes treatment particularly difficult. Here, we describe two new K. pneumoniae phages, &pi
Effects of side-chain orientation on the backbone conformation of the dehydrophenylalanine residue. Theoretical and X-ray study.
2011
Two E isomers of α,β-dehydro-phenylalanine, Ac-(E)-ΔPhe-NHMe (1a) and Ac-(E)-ΔPhe-NMe(2) (2a), have been synthesized and their low temperature structures determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. A systematic theoretical analysis was performed on these molecules and their Z isomers (1b and 2b). The ϕ,ψ potential energy surfaces were calculated at the MP2/6-31+G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) levels in the gas phase and at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level in the chloroform and water solutions with the SCRF-PCM method. All minima were fully optimized by the MP2 and DFT methods, and their relative stabilities were analyzed in terms of π-conjugation, internal H-bonds, and dipole-dipole interaction…
A UML-based notation for representing MAS organizations
2011
A notation for representing agents' organizations to be implemented using Moise+ and Jason is proposed. For this purpose a UML profile was defined for representing the elements of Moise+ organizational model such as role, mission and group. The proposed notation will be fully illustrated and applied to the classical example provided by the J-Moise+ team.
Silent music reading: Amateur musicians' visual processing and descriptive skill
2013
This article addresses the silent reading of music notation, combining eye-movement measures with a semantic analysis of readers’ verbal descriptions of the notated music. A group of musical novices ( n = 16) and two groups of musical amateurs (less experienced n = 11 and more experienced n = 10) participated in three separate measurement sessions during a nine-month-long university music course designed for future primary-school teachers. In each session they viewed a notated folk song for 30 s and then described what they had seen. Greater musical experience was found to be connected with shorter fixation durations, more linear scanning of the notated music, and more accurate and integra…
Mathematics and Soft Computing in Music
2011
Mathematics is the fundamental tool for dealing with the physical processes that explain music but it is also in the very essence of this art. Musical notes, the first elements which music works with, are defined for each tuning system as very specific frequencies; however, instrumentalists know that small changes in these values do not have serious consequences. In fact, sometimes consensus is only reached if the entire orchestra alters the theoretical pitches. The explanation for this contradiction is that musicians implicitly handle very complex mathematical processes involving some uncertainty in the concepts and this is better explained in terms of fuzzy logic. Modelling the notes as f…