Search results for "Note"

showing 10 items of 10709 documents

Synthesis and optimization of microwave-assisted exfoliated functionalized graphene as an efficient catalyst in biodiesel production

2018

In this study, the capability of functionalized graphene was investigated as heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel production from vegetable oil. Graphene oxide was fabricated from graphite via carrier improved method, and its exfoliation was carried out by microwave radiation. The exfoliated sample was reduced and sulfonated, being analyzed by Fourier transform Infrared, Scanning Microscopy Transmission Electron Microscopy, X-ray diffraction and element mapping. The catalyst was employed in biodiesel production reaction and effective reaction parameters were studied. The optimized reaction temperature, time and catalyst percentage were 178 °C, 3 h and 1.9% respectively. It was observed that …

chemistry.chemical_classificationBiodieselMaterials scienceGraphene020209 energyOrganic Chemistry02 engineering and technologySulfonic acid021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyHeterogeneous catalysisExfoliation jointAtomic and Molecular Physics and Opticslaw.inventionCatalysischemistryChemical engineeringlawBiodiesel production0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringGeneral Materials ScienceGraphitePhysical and Theoretical Chemistry0210 nano-technologyFullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures
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ChemInform Abstract: Electrical Conductive Coordination Polymers

2012

Coordination polymers are currently one of the hottest topics in Inorganic and Supramolecular Chemistry. This critical review summarizes the current state-of-the-art on electrical conductive coordination polymers (CPs), also named metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). The data were collected following two sort criteria of the CPs structure: dimensionality and bridging ligands (151 references).

chemistry.chemical_classificationBridging (networking)ChemistrySupramolecular chemistryNanotechnologyGeneral MedicinePolymerElectrical conductorChemInform
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Long-term biodistribution study of HPMA- ran -LMA copolymers in vivo by means of 131 I-labeling

2018

Abstract Background For the evaluation of macromolecular drug delivery systems suitable pre-clinical monitoring of potential nanocarrier systems is needed. In this regard, both short-term as well as long-term in vivo tracking is crucial to understand structure-property relationships of polymer carrier systems and their resulting pharmacokinetic profile. Based on former studies revealing favorable in vivo characteristics for 18 F–labeled random (ran) copolymers consisting of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) and lauryl methacrylate (LMA) – including prolonged plasma half-life as well as enhanced tumor accumulation – the presented work focuses on their long-term investigation in the li…

chemistry.chemical_classificationCancer ResearchBiodistribution02 engineering and technologyPolymer010402 general chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciences0104 chemical scienceschemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryIn vivoCritical micelle concentrationBiophysicsMolecular MedicineDistribution (pharmacology)MethacrylamideRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingNanocarriers0210 nano-technologyEx vivoNuclear Medicine and Biology
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Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate based monolithic capillary columns for the analysis of polar small solutes by capillary electrochromatography

2018

Monolithic stationary phases based on poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylates for capillary electrochromatography were developed. Several poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylates (Mn 250, 575, and 700) were used as single monomers and the resulting columns were carefully compared. Methanol and ethyl ether were selected as porogenic solvents, and in all cases ultraviolet radiation was selected as initiation method to prepare polymeric monoliths. The influence of the monomer chain length and ratio monomer/porogen on the morphological and electrochromatographic properties of the resulting monoliths was investigated. Several families of compounds with different polarity (alkyl benzenes, organophosphorous pe…

chemistry.chemical_classificationCapillary electrochromatographyChemical polarity010401 analytical chemistryFiltration and SeparationEther02 engineering and technology021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciences0104 chemical sciencesAnalytical Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundMonomerchemistryChemical engineeringMethanol0210 nano-technologyEthylene glycolAlkylBenzoic acidJournal of Separation Science
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Ionic transport characteristics of negatively and positively charged conical nanopores in 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 2:2, 1:2, and 1:3 electrolytes

2019

We study experimentally the current (I)-voltage (V) curves of 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 2:2, 1:2, and 1:3 electrolytes in positively and negatively charged conically-shaped pores of nanoscale dimensions. The positive charges are poly(allylamine hydrochloride) chains functionalized on the pore surface by electrostatic interactions while the negative charges are carboxylic acid groups. Under physiological conditions, these fixed-charge groups are ionized and strongly interact with the different monovalent, divalent, and trivalent ions in the pore solution. The current rectification of the I-V curves and the membrane potentials provide fundamental information on the interaction of the pore charge groups …

chemistry.chemical_classificationCarboxylic acidIonic bonding02 engineering and technologyElectrolyte010402 general chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyElectrostatics01 natural sciences0104 chemical sciencesSurfaces Coatings and FilmsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsDivalentIonBiomaterialsNanoporeColloid and Surface ChemistrychemistryChemical physics0210 nano-technologyTransport phenomenaJournal of Colloid and Interface Science
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A molecular electron density theory study of the mechanism, chemo- and stereoselectivity of the epoxidation reaction of R -carvone with peracetic acid

2019

The epoxidation reaction of R-carvone 8 with peracetic acid 9 has been studied within the molecular electron density theory at the B3LYP/6-311(d,p) computational level. The chemo- and stereoisomeric reaction paths involving the two C–C double bonds of R-carvone 8 have been studied. DFT calculations account for the high chemoselectivity involving the C–C double bond of the isopropenyl group and the low diastereoselectivity, in complete agreement with the experimental outcomes. The Baeyer–Villiger reaction involving the carbonyl group of R-carvone 8 has also been analysed. A bonding evolution theory analysis of the epoxidation reaction shows the complexity of the bonding cha…

chemistry.chemical_classificationCarvoneElectron densityDouble bondGeneral Chemical Engineeringchemistry.chemical_element02 engineering and technologyGeneral Chemistry010402 general chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyRing (chemistry)01 natural sciencesOxygen0104 chemical scienceschemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryComputational chemistryPeracetic acidStereoselectivityChemoselectivity0210 nano-technologyRSC Advances
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Antioxidant activity of cerium dioxide nanoparticles and nanorods in scavenging hydroxyl radicals

2019

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) have been shown to exhibit antioxidant capabilities, but their efficiency in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the underlying mechanisms are not yet well understood. In this study, cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) and nanorods (CeNRs) were found to exhibit much stronger scavenging activity than ·OH generation in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and surrogate lung fluid (SLF). The larger surface area and higher defect density of CeNRs may lead to higher ·OH scavenging activity than for CeNPs. These insights are important to understand the redox activity of cerium nanomaterials and provide clues to the role of CeNPs in biological and environmen…

chemistry.chemical_classificationCerium oxideReactive oxygen speciesAntioxidantGeneral Chemical EngineeringRadicalmedicine.medical_treatmentNanoparticlechemistry.chemical_elementmacromolecular substances02 engineering and technologyGeneral Chemistry010402 general chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciences0104 chemical sciencesNanomaterialsCeriumchemistrymedicine0210 nano-technologyScavengingNuclear chemistryRSC Advances
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Structural „memory effects” influencing decompositions of glucose alkoxide anions produced from monoterpene glycoside isomers in tandem mass spectrom…

1989

Isomeric glycoconjugates have been distinguished using desorption negative-ion chemical ionization/tandem mass spectrometry (DNCI–MS/MS). The structure of the leaving terpene influences the orientation of consecutive decompositions during collisionally activated decomposition (CAD) of [M–H]− ions which pass through a glucose alkoxide intermediate ion. This apparent „memory effect” can be rationalized by considering the production of anion-induced dipole complexes.

chemistry.chemical_classificationChemical ionizationCollision-induced dissociation[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]Monoterpene010401 analytical chemistryOrganic ChemistryGlycoside010402 general chemistryTandem mass spectrometry01 natural sciencesMedicinal chemistry0104 chemical sciencesAnalytical ChemistryIon[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]chemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryDesorptionAlkoxideOrganic chemistryComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUSSpectroscopyRapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry
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Outstandingly robust anodic dehydrogenative aniline coupling reaction

2020

Abstract Oxidative treatment of anilines usually leads to the formation of black polymers, often referred to as “aniline black”. This over-oxidation is hardly controllable and also a challenging task in the anodic conversion of anilines. Here, a quick and efficient access to valuable building blocks by anodic cross- and homo-coupling of aniline and benzidine derivatives is reported. This electrosynthesis is easily performed in a simple undivided cell using constant current conditions. The key to the observed outstanding performance and robustness of this system is attributed to the used solvent 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol. The extraordinary performance over a broad range of current de…

chemistry.chemical_classificationChemical substanceMaterials scienceGeneral Chemical Engineering02 engineering and technologyPolymer010402 general chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyElectrosynthesis01 natural sciencesCombinatorial chemistryBenzidineCoupling reaction0104 chemical sciencesAnodeSolventchemistry.chemical_compoundAnilinechemistryElectrochemistry0210 nano-technologyElectrochimica Acta
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POSS nanostructures in catalysis

2020

Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) are organic-inorganic hybrid molecules piquing the interest of researchers thanks to their synergistic features. The great versatility of POSS nanostructures arises from the easy tunability of peripheral organic moieties combined with the high thermal and chemical stability of the inner inorganic core. In this review, we highlight the use of POSS nanostructures as molecular precursors for the synthesis of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts able to promote many processes including alkene epoxidation, C-C bond formation, CO2 conversion, "click reactions", hydrogenation, and ethylene polymerisation, among others. In this scenario, POSS units fo…

chemistry.chemical_classificationChemical substanceMaterials scienceNanostructureMolecular modelIonic bondingNanotechnologySettore CHIM/06 - Chimica OrganicaPolymerhomogeneous catalysiCatalysisCatalysischemistryheterogeneous catalysiorganometallic catalysisMoleculeChemical stabilityPolyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxaneCatalysis Science & Technology
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