Search results for "OBESITY"
showing 10 items of 1833 documents
Oxidant mechanisms in childhood obesity: the link between inflammation and oxidative stress.
2011
Evidence of obesity-induced oxidative stress in adults has emerged in the past several years, and similar evidence has been demonstrated in children more recently. The reactive species of oxygen or nitrogen can chemically alter all major classes of biomolecules by modifying their structure and function. Organisms have developed mechanisms to protect biomolecules from the deleterious effects of free radicals. These include the enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as water and lipid-soluble antioxidants, such as glutathione, ascorbate (vitamin C), α-tocopherol (vitamin E), and β-carotene. Obesity creates oxidant conditions that favor the development of c…
The effect of a prenatal lifestyle intervention on glucose metabolism: Results of the Norwegian Fit for Delivery randomized controlled trial
2017
Background: The effectiveness of prenatal lifestyle intervention to prevent gestational diabetes and improve maternal glucose metabolism remains to be established. The Norwegian Fit for Delivery (NFFD) randomized, controlled trial studied the effect of a combined lifestyle intervention provided to a general population, and found significantly lower gestational weight gain among intervention participants but no improvement in obstetrical outcomes or the proportion of large infants. The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of the NFFD intervention on glucose metabolism, including an assessment of the subgroups of normal-weight and overweight/obese participants. Methods: Healthy, …
Preterm birth: seven-year retrospective study in a single centre population
2019
Preterm birth is a health and social problem, considered the leading cause of neonatal mortality worldwide. It is associated with higher rates of neurodevelopmental morbidity, sensorineural impairments and other complications. The aim of the study was to describe the incidence and the major risk factors associated with preterm birth. METHODS: We performed a single center, observational and retrospective Cohort study in the Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital "G. Martino", Messina. Clinical records of all pregnant women who delivered from 1st January 2010 to 31 of December 2016 were collected. RESULTS: In the 7 years considered, a total of 7954 pregnant women were inc…
Obesity reduces uterine receptivity: clinical experience from 9,587 first cycles of ovum donation with normal weight donors
2013
Objective To analyze the reproductive outcome of recipients of donated ova according to their body mass index (BMI). Design Twelve-year retrospective cohort analysis. Setting Fertility clinics. Patient(s) 9,587 first cycles of ovum donation with ova from normoweight donors. Intervention(s) Recipients divided according to their BMI to analyze IVF laboratory and outcome parameters: lean with BMI 2 (n = 1,458; 15.2%); normoweight with BMI 20–24.9 kg/m 2 (n = 5,706; 59.5%), overweight with BMI 25–29.9 kg/m 2 (n = 1,770; 18.5%), and obese with BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 (n = 653; 6.8%). Main Outcome Measure(s) Implantation, biochemical and clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, and live-birth rates. Result(s) In …
Difference in body weight between American and Italian women with polycystic ovary syndrome: influence of the diet.
2003
BACKGROUND The study aim was to determine differences in body mass in two populations of women (USA and Italy) with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and to assess the effect of diet on body mass and cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS Pools of women with PCOS from the USA (n = 343) and Italy (n = 301), seen between 1993 and 2001, were available for assessment. From these populations, 20 women who were seen consecutively in 2001 at each site had detailed analyses of diet and cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS In the entire group, American women had a significantly higher body mass compared with Italian women (P < 0.01). Also, the 20 women consecutively evaluated in the USA had a signific…
Differences in dyslipidemia between American and Italian women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
2008
Abstract BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia is a common metabolic complication in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of this study was to determine if differences exist in dyslipidemia in women with PCOS from different ethnic and geographical backgrounds. METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated the serum fasting lipid profiles of 106 women with PCOS from the United States and 108 women with PCOS from Italy evaluated at endocrinology clinics. RESULTS: American women had higher mean body mass index than Italian women (36.1+/-8.6 vs 28.1+/-5.8 kg/m2, p<0.01). Low HDL-cholesterol was the most prevalent lipid abnormality in both populations. U.S. women had higher mean levels of serum total chol…
The effect of prenatal lifestyle intervention on weight retention 12 months postpartum: results of the Norwegian Fit for Delivery randomised controll…
2015
Objective To examine the effect of a prenatal lifestyle intervention on postpartum weight retention (PPWR). Design Randomised controlled trial. Setting Healthcare clinics in southern Norway. Population Healthy, nulliparous women with body mass index ≥19 kg/m2 , age ≥18 years, and singleton pregnancy of ≤20 gestational weeks. Methods Women were randomised to intervention (dietary counselling twice by phone and access to twice-weekly exercise groups during pregnancy) or control group (standard prenatal care). Intervention compliance was defined post-factum as attending dietary counselling and ≥14 exercise classes. Main outcome measures PPWR (weight measured postpartum minus self-reported pre-…
Maintenance of weight loss after obesity treatment: is continuous support necessary?
2002
Abstract Objective: This study examined outcome differences of 109 obese subjects, who participated in a 10-week cognitive-behavioral inpatient treatment followed by either a weight maintenance program or a follow-up period without professional support. Methods: Self-rated weight loss, eating behaviors, and general psychopathology were assessed several months before treatment, when subjects were admitted, at discharge, and at the 6-, 12-, and 18-month follow-ups. Structured interviews for mental disorders and eating pathology were conducted additionally. Results: The mean weight of the sample at baseline was 127 kg. Weight loss of the total sample amounted to 8.0 kg (6.3%) and was completel…
Semaglutide reduces fat accumulation in the tongue: A randomized single-blind, pilot study
2021
Abstract Aim We evaluated the effect of the latest GLP-1 RA semaglutide on tongue fat storage in obese women. Design. We conducted a randomized single-blind, pilot study. Methods Twenty-five obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (33.7 ± 5.3 years, body mass index (BMI) 36.1 ± 3.9 kg/m2, mean ± SD) were randomized to semaglutide 1.0 mg or placebo for 16 weeks. We quantified tongue volume and its fat tissue and fat proportion by magnetic resonance imaging. Results Tongue fat tissue and fat proportion significantly reduced after semaglutide vs placebo (-1.94 ± 5.51 vs. + 3.12 ± 4.87 cm3, p = 0.022, and −0.02 ± 0.07 vs. 0.04 ± 0.06, p = 0.010, respectively). Correlation analysis rev…
Physical inactivity from youth to adulthood and adult cardiometabolic risk profile
2020
Adults with a low physical activity (PA) level are at increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases, but little is known on the association between physical inactivity since youth and cardiometabolic health in adulthood. We investigated the association of persistent physical inactivity from youth to adulthood with adult cardiometabolic risk factors. Data were drawn from the ongoing Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study with seven follow-ups between 1980 and 2011 (baseline age 3–18 years, n = 1961). Physical activity data from a standardized questionnaire was expressed as a PA-index. Using the PA-index, four groups were formed: 1)persistently physically inactive (n = 246), 2)decreasingly ac…