Search results for "Odeur"
showing 10 items of 34 documents
Discrimination des expressions faciales et environnement olfactif – Corrélats cérébraux en électroencéphalographie (EEG) chez l’adulte et le très jeu…
2019
This thesis examines the mechanisms subtending the perception of emotional facial expressions and their early development using a Fast Periodic Visual Presentation (FPVS) approach coupled with electroencephalography (EEG). More specifically, we tried to characterize brain responses reflecting facial expression discrimination and to determine whether hedonic odor contexts influence these responses in adults (studies 1 and 2), and in infants at different developmental stages (studies 3 and 4).We showed specific responses to the discrimination of every facial expression in the adult brain, indicating rapid and automatic categorization of basic facial expressions (study 1). In addition, we reve…
Impact of olfactory and auditory priming on the attraction towards foods with high energy density
2015
\]\Recent research suggests that non-attentively perceived stimuli may significantly influence consumers' food choices. The main objective of the present study was to determine whether an olfactory prime (a sweet-fatty odour) and a semantic auditory prime (a nutritional prevention message), both presented incidentally, either alone or in combination can influence subsequent food choices. The experiment included 147 participants who were assigned to four different conditions: a control condition, a scented condition, an auditory condition or an auditory-scented condition. All participants remained in the waiting room during15 min while they performed a 'lure' task. For the scented condition,…
New determinants of olfactory habituation
2017
AbstractHabituation is a filter that optimizes the processing of information by our brain in all sensory modalities. It results in an unconscious reduced responsiveness to continuous or repetitive stimulation. In olfaction, the main question is whether habituation works the same way for any odorant or whether we habituate differently to each odorant? In particular, whether chemical, physical or perceptual cues can limit or increase habituation. To test this, the odour intensity of 32 odorants differing in physicochemical characteristics was rated by 58 participants continuously during 120s. Each odorant was delivered at a constant concentration. Results showed odorants differed significantl…
Early-blind individuals show impaired performance in wine odor categorization
2018
International audience; Blind individuals display superior sensory abilities in other modalities, yet results remain contradictory regarding their performance on olfactory tasks. Using complex ecological olfactory tasks, we evaluated the impact of blindness on olfactory performance. We tested 12 early-blind individuals (M = 49, SD = 13.09) and 12 sighted controls (M = 49, SD = 14.31) who were all blindfolded. Based solely on the wine odors, participants evaluated 24 pairs of wine and determined if both samples belonged to the same category (red wine, white wine, or rosé wine) or not (odor categorization), and if so, whether they were identical or not (odor differentiation). Then, they had t…
Les récepteurs olfactifs et le codage des odeurs
2008
The first step of the olfactory detection involves the activation by odorants of olfactory receptors, which are membrane proteins embedded in the membrane of olfactory neurons. Odour coding results from the combinatory activation of a set of receptors and rests on their clonal expression. Neuronal olfactory connexion leads to the formation, in the cortex, of a specific sensory map, which gives rise to the odor perception. This combinatorial system allows, with approximately 340 different receptors, to discriminate myriads of odorants that are natural or not (new cooking flavours, synthetic chemicals…). The extreme olfactory genome diversity in human beings may explain different food behavio…
Habituation and adaptation to odors in humans
2017
indexation en cours; Habituation, or decreased behavioral response, to odors is created by repeated exposure and several detailed characteristics, whereas adaptation relates to the neural processes that constitute this decrease in a behavioral response. As with all senses, the olfactory system continually encounters an enormous variety of odorants which is why mechanisms must exist to segment them and respond to changes. Although most olfactory habitation studies have focused on animal models, this non-systematic review provides an overview of olfactory habituation and adaptation in humans, and techniques that have been used to measure them. Thus far, psychophysics in combination with moder…
Olfactory sensory neurons plasticity induced by postnatal odorant exposure
2012
Olfactory sensory neurons plasticity induced by postnatal odorant exposure. 16. International symposium on olfaction and taste (ISOT)
Olores, aprendizaje y periodos sensibles durante el desarrollo
2010
traduction simultanée du titre; absent
Perceptual interactions in odour mixtures: The blending effect
2011
The odour perceived from a mixture of odorants varies depending on several factors as the context, individual physiological abilities, experience… but also as the perceptual interactions occurring over the processing of odorant mixtures. Sometimes, these interactions which appear during odour information coding and processing, lead to synergy or masking of odour notes (1). In other occasions, they lead to a blending effect. Odour blending appears when a mixture is perceived as a unique odour different from the odour of its components (1, 2). This type of mixture is well known by perfumers and flavourists who daily construct and use it in an empirical fashion. Here, we conducted a series of …
Impact d'une odeur non consciemment perçue sur des choix alimentaires
2013
Présentation orale (résumé de 2 p.); Bien qu'il ait été longtemps considéré que nous étions pleinement conscients des motivations guidant nos comportements, les recherches actuelles en psychologie et en économie suggèrent qu'en matière de choix, nous ne sommes pas les êtres rationnels que nous pensons être (Dijksterhuis et al., 2006; Kahneman & Tversky, 2000). Les choix correspondent en fait à des processus complexes d'intégration, qui ne sont pas seulement rationnels, mais surtout basés sur des sentiments, des émotions et des souvenirs (Loewenstein et al., 2001). En outre, il est maintenant bien établi en psychologie qu'une part significative des comportements et choix sont influencés par …