Search results for "Olfaction"

2015

Insects encounter a vast repertoire of chemicals in their natural environment, which can signal positive stimuli like the presence of a food source, a potential mate, or a suitable oviposition site as well as negative stimuli such as competitors, predators, or toxic substances reflecting danger. The presence of specialized chemoreceptors like taste and olfactory receptors allow animals to detect chemicals at short and long distances and accordingly, trigger proper behaviors towards these stimuli. Since the first description of olfactory and taste receptors in Drosophila fifteen years ago, our knowledge on the identity, properties, and function of specific chemoreceptors has increased expone…

Influence of metabolic state (substrate oxidation ratio) on food liking, food wanting and food consumption in young men

2011

Meeting Abstract n°484 . WOS: 000288862900481; International audience

Dendritic pattern development of the honeybee antennal lobe neurons: a laser scanning confocal microscopic study

1999

The processing of odorant signals is performed, in the olfactory bulb of vertebrates or in the antennal lobe of insects, by different types of neurons which display specific morphological and functional features. The present work characterizes the morphogenesis of the main neuronal types which participate in olfactory discrimination in the adult honeybee (Apis mellifera). Neurons were stained intracellularly with Lucifer yellow at different stages of pupal development and in the adult, and imaged by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Attending to branching patterns, all pupal neurons could be attributed to morphological types previously established in the adult. Given the functional import…

Sensory biology of Phalangida harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones): a review, with new morphological data on 18 species

2009

1463-6395 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00341.x; Willemart, R. H., Farine, J.-P. and Gnaspini, P. 2008. Sensory biology of Phalangida harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones): a review, with new morphological data on 18 species. 2014Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 90: 2092013227 Phalangida includes three of the four suborders of Opiliones (Arachnida): Eupnoi, Dyspnoi and Laniatores. We review the literature on the sensory structures and capabilities of Phalangida, provide new morphological data for 18 species and discuss the 11 sensory structures that have been described in the group. Based on the published data encompassing both behaviour and morphology, three conclusions are apparent: (1) species of Phala…

Effect of anosmia on the behavior of standard non-aggressive male mice opponents during agonistic encounters

1997

This study assessed whether the differences observed in a previous experiment [Martinez M, Salvador A, Simon VM (1994): Aggressive Behavior 20:441–451] in the behavior of isolated male mice over several agonistic encounters in which they confronted either an “anosmic” or an “intact” non-aggressive “standard opponent” were due to the differences in the behavior of the opponents themselves. Ethologically-inspired analysis was used to assess the behavior of the opponents during the first agonistic encounter. Anosmic opponents spent less time in social investigation and defense and more time in immobility than intact ones. These results suggest that the differences in the behavior of the oppone…

Heading which way? Y-maze chemical assays: not all crustaceans are alike

2015

In a world full of chemicals, many crustaceans rely on elaborate olfactory systems to guide behaviors related to finding food or to assess the presence of conspecifics and predators. We analyzed the responses of the isopod Saduria entomon to a range of stimuli by which the animal is likely to encounter in its natural habitat using a Y-maze bioassay. In order to document the efficiency of the experimental design, the same bioassay was used to test the behavior of the crayfish Procambarus fallax whose ability to track odors is well documented. The crayfish performed well in the Y-maze and were able to locate the source of a food-related odor with high fidelity. The isopod S. entomon reacted i…

L’olfactilité sociale des humains : la science fluctuante d’un sens omniprésent

2019

Les chimiosensibilités permettant aux organismes d’apprécier l’innocuité du milieu s’exprimèrent les toutes premières au fil de l’évolution. Parmi elles, l’olfaction est, ontogénétiquement, l’un des sens les plus précoces (Holley, 1999). Mais cette double préséance ne lui a pas valu de privilège culturel dans les sociétés judéo-chrétiennes. Au contraire, penseurs et moralistes ont généralement déprécié ce sens. Pour élever l’humain au-dessus de l’animal, ils ont relégué les odeurs au primitif...

Infants' hedonic responsiveness to food odours: a longitudinal study during and after weaning (8, 12 and 22 months)

2013

Abstract Background Olfaction is a highly salient sensory modality in early human life. Neonates show keen olfactory sensitivity and hedonic responsiveness. However, little is known about hedonic olfactory responsiveness between the neonatal period and 2 years of age. In an attempt to fill this gap, this longitudinal follow-up study aimed at investigating hedonic responses to food odours in infants during the first 2 years of life. The second objective was to evaluate whether gender has an influence on hedonic responses during this early period. Four control stimuli and eight odours (four rated by adults as a priori pleasant and four a priori unpleasant) were presented in bottles to 235 inf…

Specific expression of olfactory binding protein in the aerial olfactory cavity of adult and developing Xenopus

2005

International audience

Olfactory discrimination and memory deficits in the Flinders Sensitive Line rodent model of depression

2017

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder with broad symptomatic manifestations. The current study examined, for the first time, olfactory memory and discrimination in the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rodent model of depression. Male FSL rats and controls were trained on an Olfactory Discrimination (OD) and a Social Interaction (SI) test. On the OD test, the FSL and controls performed similarly at the shortest inter-trial interval (5min), however, with extended delay of 30min, the FSLs had a recall and odour discrimination deficit. At the longest delay (60min) both groups performed poorly. The FSL rats i.) had a deficit in olfactory discrimination suggesting i…