Search results for "Ordering"

showing 10 items of 55 documents

Conflictual Rebordering: The Russia Policies of Finland and Estonia

2023

This article seeks to analyse the process of conflictual rebordering in the EU’s relations with Russia. The authors single out three major crises that triggered and shaped the process of toughening the border regime and the related transformations of political meaning of the EU-Russia border: the COVID-19 pandemic, the drastic deterioration of Moscow-Brussels relations in the beginning of 2021 and the war in Ukraine that started on 24 February 2022. Correspondingly, the EU’s reactions to each of these critical junctures might be described through the academic concepts of governmentality, normativity and geopolitics. Our aim is to look at the three ensuing models – governmental, normative an…

EstoniaVirosodatkansainvälinen yhteistyökansainväliset suhteetgeopoliticspoliittiset kriisitgeopolitiikkagovernmentalityVenäjäborderingSuomiRussia-EU affairsPolitical Science and International Relationsnormative powerSafety ResearchFinlandturvallisuuspolitiikkaAhead of Print
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Fractional generalized cumulative entropy and its dynamic version

2021

Following the theory of information measures based on the cumulative distribution function, we propose the fractional generalized cumulative entropy, and its dynamic version. These entropies are particularly suitable to deal with distributions satisfying the proportional reversed hazard model. We study the connection with fractional integrals, and some bounds and comparisons based on stochastic orderings, that allow to show that the proposed measure is actually a variability measure. The investigation also involves various notions of reliability theory, since the considered dynamic measure is a suitable extension of the mean inactivity time. We also introduce the empirical generalized fract…

FOS: Computer and information sciencesExponential distributionComputer Science - Information TheoryMathematics - Statistics TheoryStatistics Theory (math.ST)01 natural sciencesMeasure (mathematics)010305 fluids & plasmas0103 physical sciencesFOS: MathematicsApplied mathematicsAlmost surelyCumulative entropy; Fractional calculus; Stochastic orderings; EstimationEntropy (energy dispersal)010306 general physicsStochastic orderingsMathematicsCentral limit theoremNumerical AnalysisInformation Theory (cs.IT)Applied MathematicsCumulative distribution functionProbability (math.PR)Fractional calculusEmpirical measureFractional calculusModeling and SimulationEstimationCumulative entropyMathematics - ProbabilityCommunications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation
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Metal-organic magnets with large coercivity and ordering temperatures up to 242°C.

2020

International audience; Magnets derived from inorganic materials (e.g., oxides, rare-earth–based, and intermetallic compounds) are key components of modern technological applications. Despite considerable success in a broad range of applications, these inorganic magnets suffer several drawbacks, including energetically expensive fabrication, limited availability of certain constituent elements, high density, and poor scope for chemical tunability. A promising design strategy for next-generation magnets relies on the versatile coordination chemistry of abundant metal ions and inexpensive organic ligands. Following this approach, we report the general, simple, and efficient synthesis of light…

FabricationMaterials sciencemagneettiset ominaisuudetPyrazineMetal ions in aqueous solutionmagneetitIntermetallicNanotechnology02 engineering and technologyorganometalliyhdisteet010402 general chemistrylarge coercivity7. Clean energy01 natural sciencesordering temperaturesCoordination complexchemistry.chemical_compoundMoleculechemistry.chemical_classificationMultidisciplinarymetal-organic magnets[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistrykompleksiyhdisteetCoercivity021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologykiteet0104 chemical scienceschemistryMagnetlämpötila0210 nano-technologyScience (New York, N.Y.)
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On the fractional probabilistic Taylor's and mean value theorems

2016

In order to develop certain fractional probabilistic analogues of Taylor's theorem and mean value theorem, we introduce the nth-order fractional equilibrium distribution in terms of the Weyl fractional integral and investigate its main properties. Specifically, we show a characterization result by which the nth-order fractional equilibrium distribution is identical to the starting distribution if and only if it is exponential. The nth-order fractional equilibrium density is then used to prove a fractional probabilistic Taylor's theorem based on derivatives of Riemann-Liouville type. A fractional analogue of the probabilistic mean value theorem is thus developed for pairs of nonnegative rand…

Generalized Taylor’s formulaMean value theoremSurvival bounded order01 natural sciencesStochastic ordering010104 statistics & probabilityCharacterization of exponential distribution; Fractional calculus; Fractional equilibrium distribution; Generalized Taylor’s formula; Mean value theorem; Survival bounded orderFOS: MathematicsCharacterization of exponential distributionApplied mathematics0101 mathematicsMathematicsComputer Science::Information RetrievalApplied MathematicsProbability (math.PR)010102 general mathematicsProbabilistic logic60E99 26A33 26A24Fractional calculusFractional equilibrium distributionFractional calculusExponential functionDistribution (mathematics)Bounded functionMean value theorem (divided differences)Random variableAnalysisMathematics - Probability
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Measurement of the azimuthal ordering of charged hadrons with the ATLAS detector

2012

This paper presents a study of the possible ordering of charged hadrons in the azimuthal angle relative to the beam axis in high-energy proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A spectral analysis of correlations between longitudinal and transverse components of the momentum of the charged hadrons, driven by the search for phenomena related to the structure of the QCD field, is performed. Data were recorded with the ATLAS detector at center-of-mass energies of √s=900  GeV and √s=7  TeV. The correlations measured in a kinematic region dominated by low-pT particles are not well described by conventional models of hadron production. The measured spectra show features consis…

HadronNuclear TheoryParton7. Clean energy01 natural sciencesSpectral lineHigh Energy Physics - ExperimentHigh Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)Subatomic Physics[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]HadronesNuclear ExperimentPhysicsQuantum chromodynamicsLarge Hadron ColliderSettore FIS/01 - Fisica SperimentaleATLASordering of charged hadrons;ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSINGFísica nuclearLHCParticle Physics - ExperimentNuclear and High Energy PhysicsParticle physicsCiências Naturais::Ciências Físicas:Ciências Físicas [Ciências Naturais]FOS: Physical sciencesddc:500.2530Partícules (Física nuclear)Nuclear physicsFragmentation0103 physical sciencesddc:530High Energy Physics010306 general physicsPartonScience & TechnologyATLAS detector010308 nuclear & particles physicsHigh Energy Physics::PhenomenologyFísicaQCDGluonPhase spaceHADRON-HADRON COLLISIONSQCD stringExperimental High Energy PhysicsHigh Energy Physics::ExperimentModel
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Prussian Blue Analogues of Reduced Dimensionality

2012

Abstract: Mixed-valence polycyanides (Prussian Blue analogues) possess a rich palette of properties spanning from room-temperature ferromagnetism to zero thermal expansion, which can be tuned by chemical modifications or the application of external stimuli (temperature, pressure, light irradiation). While molecule-based materials can combine physical and chemical properties associated with molecular-scale building blocks, their successful integration into real devices depends primarily on higher-order properties such as crystal size, shape, morphology, and organization. Herein a study of a new reduced-dimensionality system based on Prussian Blue analogues (PBAs) is presented. The system is …

LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMSMaterials scienceSpin glassORDERING TEMPERATUREsingle-chain magnetsNanotechnologyiron(ii) complex02 engineering and technologyCrystal structure010402 general chemistrySINGLE-CHAIN MAGNETSlangmuir-blodgett-films01 natural sciencesThermal expansionBiomaterialsCrystalchemistry.chemical_compoundPHOTOINDUCED MAGNETIZATIONTHIN-FILMSDEGREES-Cphotoinduced magnetizationMoleculeGeneral Materials ScienceCRYSTAL-STRUCTURESThin filmPrussian bluePhysicsGeneral Chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyIRON(II) COMPLEX0104 chemical sciencesHYBRID FILMSordering temperaturesquare grid networkChemistrychemistryFerromagnetismSQUARE GRID NETWORKthin-filmshybrid filmsdegrees-c0210 nano-technologyEngineering sciences. Technologycrystal-structuresBiotechnologySmall
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Short range charge/orbital ordering in La1−xSrxMn1−zBzO3 (B = Cu,Zn) manganites

2005

We have measured the reflectivity spectra of La1−x SrxMn1−zBzO3 (B = Cu, Zn; 0.17 x 0.30; 0 z 0.10) manganites over wide frequency (100–4000 cm −1 )a nd temperature (80–300 K) ranges. Besides the previously observed infrared active modes or mode pairs at about 160 cm −1 (external mode), 350 cm −1 (bond bending mode) and 590 cm −1 (bond stretching mode), we have clearly observed two additional phonon modes at about 645 and 720 cm −1 below the temperature T1 (T1 < TC), which coincides with the phase transition temperature when the system transforms from ferromagnetic metallic into a ferromagnetic insulator state. This transition is related to the formation of short range charge/orbitally orde…

MagnetizationCharge orderingPhase transitionMaterials scienceFerromagnetismCondensed matter physicsPhononElectrical resistivity and conductivityTransition temperatureGeneral Materials ScienceMetal–insulator transitionCondensed Matter PhysicsJournal of Physics: Condensed Matter
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Self-Ordering Secondary Structure of d- and l-Arginine-Derived Polyamidoamino Acids

2017

This paper reports on synthesis, acid–base properties and pH-dependent structuring in water of d-, l- and d,l-ARGO7, bioinspired polymers obtained by polyaddition of the corresponding arginine stereoisomers with N,N′-methylenebis(acrylamide). The circular dichroism spectra of d- and l-ARGO7 showed a peak at 228 nm and quickly and reversibly responded to pH changes, but were nearly unaffected by temperature, ionic strength, and denaturating agents. Theoretical modeling studies of L-ARGO7 showed that it assumed a folded structure. Intramolecular interactions led to transoid arrangements of the main chain reminiscent of the protein hairpin motif. Torsion angles showed a quite similar distribut…

Materials Chemistry2506 Metals and AlloysMaterials scienceArgininePolymers and PlasticsStereochemistry02 engineering and technologyOrganic Chemistry; Polymers and Plastics; Inorganic Chemistry; Materials Chemistry2506 Metals and Alloys010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesSpectral lineInorganic Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundMaterials ChemistryProtein secondary structurechemistry.chemical_classificationOrganic ChemistryPolymer021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology0104 chemical scienceschemistryChiral polymers polyamidoamino acids interpenetrating peptides self-structured polymersIonic strengthIntramolecular forceAcrylamide0210 nano-technologySelf ordering
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Strain-controlled domain wall injection into nanowires for sensor applications

2021

We investigate experimentally the effects of externally applied strain on the injection of 180$^\circ$ domain walls (DW) from a nucleation pad into magnetic nanowires, as typically used for DW-based sensors. In our study the strain, generated by substrate bending, induces in the material a uniaxial anisotropy due to magnetoelastic coupling. To compare the strain effects, $Co_{40}Fe_{40}B_{20}$, $Ni$ and $Ni_{82}Fe_{18}$ samples with in-plane magnetization and different magnetoelastic coupling are deposited. In these samples, we measure the magnetic field required for the injection of a DW, by imaging differential contrast in a magneto-optical Kerr microscope. We find that strain increases t…

Materials scienceCondensed matter physics530 PhysicsNanowireNucleationGeneral Physics and AstronomyFOS: Physical sciences02 engineering and technologyPhysics - Applied PhysicsApplied Physics (physics.app-ph)Coercivity021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology530 Physik01 natural sciencesMagnetic fieldMagnetizationMagnetic anisotropyCondensed Matter::Materials ScienceDomain wall (magnetism)Materials properties Magnetic hysteresis Ferromagnetic materials Magnetic anisotropy Magnetic devices Sensors Nanowires Magnetic ordering Magnetic materials0103 physical sciences010306 general physics0210 nano-technologyAnisotropy
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Evidence for the verwey transition in highly nonstoichiometric nanometric fe-based ferrites

2001

The nanometric scale allows an investigation of the Verwey transition: the impact of varying degree of oxidation of Fe cations on this transition was studied by means of zero-field-cooled superconducting quantum interference device measurements in nanometric highly nonstoichiometric particles of pure and Ti-substituted magnetite synthesized using soft chemistry route. It is clearly shown that (i) there is a shift of the transition towards higher temperatures for nanometer scaled compounds and (ii) the amplitude, the temperature, and the order of the transition are only depending on the number of ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}{/\mathrm{F}\mathrm{e}}^{3+}$ pairs in octahedral coordination.

Materials scienceCondensed matter physicsDegree (graph theory)Order (ring theory)02 engineering and technology[SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials010402 general chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciencesSoft chemistry0104 chemical sciences[SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/MaterialsCondensed Matter::Materials Sciencechemistry.chemical_compoundCharge orderingAmplitudeOctahedronchemistryNanometre0210 nano-technologyComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUSMagnetite
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