Search results for "Osmotic Pressure"
showing 10 items of 63 documents
Effect of drought on sorbitol and sucrose metabolism in sinks and sources of peach
2000
In peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch.), sorbitol and sucrose are the two main forms of photosynthetic and translocated carbon and may have different functions depending on the organ of utilization and its developmental stage. The role and interaction of sorbitol and sucrose metabolism was studied in mature leaves (source) and shoot tips (sinks) of'Nemaguard' peach under drought stress. Plants were irrigated daily at rates of 100, 67, and 33% of evapotranspiration (ET). The relative elongation rate (RER) of growing shoots was measured daily. In mature leaves, water potential (ψ w ), osmotic potential (ψ s ), sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (S6PDH, EC 1.1.1.200), and sucrose-phosphate synt…
Zur kinetik des einstellvorganges im osmometer. III. Versuche mit fraktionen definierten molekulargewichts an ultracellafiltern verschiedener durchlä…
1961
Die theoretisch fur ein ideales Osmometer abgeleiteten Gleichungen fur den Einstellverlauf werden an einem Osmometer nach MEYERHOFF mit Ultracellafiltern an Fraktionen von Polymethylmethacrylat im Molekulargewichtsbereich von 4000 bis 40 000 gepruft. Es zeigt sich, das die Nichtidealitat des Osmometers eine erhebliche Modifikation hervorruft, als deren Ursache die unvollkommene Durchmischung in den Osmometerkammern anzusehen ist. Dadurch ist der effektive osmotische Druck an der Membran niedriger als der mittlere osmotische Druck in den Kammern. Es wird gezeigt, das man auch unter diesen Umstanden die Einstellkonstante ζ1 fur das Losungsmittel und die Durchtrittskonstante ζ2 fur das Geloste…
Dynamic remodeling of histone modifications in response to osmotic stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
2014
Abstract Background Specific histone modifications play important roles in chromatin functions; i.e., activation or repression of gene transcription. This participation must occur as a dynamic process. Nevertheless, most of the histone modification maps reported to date provide only static pictures that link certain modifications with active or silenced states. This study, however, focuses on the global histone modification variation that occurs in response to the transcriptional reprogramming produced by a physiological perturbation in yeast. Results We did a genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis for eight specific histone modifications before and after saline stress. The most…
Osmotic stress affects the stability of freeze-dried Lactobacillus buchneri R1102 as a result of intracellular betaine accumulation and membrane char…
2014
Aims To help cells to better resist the stressful conditions associated with the freeze-drying process during starter production, we investigated the effect of various osmotic conditions on growth, survival and acidification activity of Lactobacillus buchneri R1102, after freeze-drying and during storage for 3 months at 25°C. Methods and Results High survival rates during freeze-drying, but not during storage, were obtained when 0·1 mol l−1 KCl was added at the beginning of fermentation, without any change in membrane properties and betaine accumulation. This condition made it possible to maintain a high acidification rate throughout the process. In contrast, the addition of 0·6 mol l−1 KCl…
Zur kinetik des einstellvorganges im osmometer. IV. Bestimmung des zahlenmittels des molekulargewichts bei unfraktionierten polymeren1
1962
Der durch teilweise Permeation bedingte Fehler des gemessenen osmotischen Druckes eines unfraktionierten Polymeren kann berechnet werden, wenn die fur das Permeationsverhalten masgebenden Konstanten der Membran und die molekulare Verteilungsfunktion des Polymeren bekannt sind. Unter diesen Voraussetzungen wird unter Verwendung fruher abgeleiteter Beziehungen1 der durch Gl. (1) definierte Fehlbetrag Δt berechnet. Ist die spezielle Verteilungsfunktion nicht bekannt, so kann der Fehlbetrag fur ein bestimmtes Polymeres abgeschatzt werden, wenn auser einer osmotischen Mesreihe eine Bestimmung des Gewichtsmittels des Molekulargewichts Mw (bzw. Pw) vorliegt. Voraussetzung der Rechnung ist die Kenn…
Entropic Unmixing in Nematic Blends of Semiflexible Polymers.
2020
Binary mixtures of semiflexible polymers with the same chain length, but different persistence lengths, separate into two coexisting different nematic phases when the osmotic pressure of the lyotropic solution is varied. Molecular Dynamics simulations and Density Functional Theory predict phase diagrams either with a triple point, where the isotropic phase coexists with two nematic phases or a critical point of unmixing within the nematic mixture. The difference in locally preferred bond angles between the constituents drives this unmixing without any attractive interactions between monomers.
Über die verschiedenen mittelwerte des molekulargewichts und die uneinheitlichkeit von naturkautschuk und synthetischem cis-polyisopren
1969
An Naturkautschuk und einem cis-Polyisopren von annahernd gleichem [η]-Wert wurden Molekulargewichtsbestimmungen durch Diffusion-Sedimentation, Osmose und Lichtstreuung gemacht. Aus den Mittelwerten Mn (osmotisch) und Mw (Lichtstreuung) wird die molekulare Uneinheitlichkeit bestimmt. Bei etwa gleichem Mw (2·106) ist das osmotische Molekulargewicht Mn bei Naturkautschuk 3,0·105 und beim synthetischen cis-Polyisopren 6,2·105. Auserdem macht sich beim Naturkautschuk ein nur schwer entfernbarer Anteil von Mikrogelen bemerkbar. Da die Tragheitsradien und die Wechselwirkungsparameter mit den Losungsmitteln fur Natur- und Synthesekautschuk sich nur wenig unterscheiden, konnen technologische Unters…
Osmotic pressure, atomic pressure and the virial equation of state of polymer solutions: Monte Carlo simulations of a bead-spring model
1994
A recently introduced coarse-grained model of polymer chains is studied analyzing various contributions to the pressure as obtained from the virial theorem as a function of chain length N, temperature T and density ϕ. The off-lattice model of the polymer chains has anharmonic springs between the beads, but of finite extensibility, and the Morse-type interaction between beads is repulsive at very short distances and attractive at intermediate distances. Solvent molecules are not explicitly included. It is found that the covalent forces along the chain (modelled by the spring potentials) contribute a negative term to the pressure, irrespective of temperature, which vanishes linearly in ϕ as ϕ…
Osmotic pressure of catenanes in solution
1989
We propose a nonuniversal scaling for the osmotic pressure in the case of concatenating ring polymers. The size exponent depends on the molecular weight of the catenans. The effect is more significant the shorter and the stiffer the molecules are.
The effect of osmo-induced stress on product formation by Zymomonas mobilis on sucrose
2000
The intensification of biosynthesis of fructooligosaccharides in the presence of high salt concentrations was observed during sucrose (10%) fermentation by Zymomonas mobilis 113S. A 0.6 M NaCl concentration led to an increase of oligosaccharide productivity by 3.5-fold. Sorbitol formation was increased in the presence of 0.16 M NaCl and was inhibited at highest salt concentrations. In a medium with high (65%, w/w) sucrose content the salts gave inhibitory effects on fructooligosaccharide production by lyophilised Z. mobilis cells. Influence of salts on gluconic acid and sorbitol formation under these conditions was studied. The ratio of oligosaccharides and gluconic acid productivity (Qolig…