Search results for "Oxide"
showing 10 items of 6424 documents
Cell Death and Oxidative Damage in Inflammatory Myopathies
1998
There is evidence that muscle fibers in denervating disorders and muscular dystrophies undergo apoptosis. In 21 patients with autoimmune inflammatory myopathies, we found no features of muscle fiber apoptosis such as DNA fragmentation or expression of apoptosis-related proteins. However, muscle fibers in myositis displayed distinct up-regulation of inducible and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS). While inducible NOS was distinctly up-regulated on the sarcolemma of all kinds of muscle fibers neuronal NOS displayed increased expression in the sarcoplasm of damaged as well as atrophic muscle fibers. There were no disease-specific patterns in the different myositis subtypes. Enhanced express…
Exhaled nitric oxide is associated with cyclic changes in sexual hormones
2013
Abstract Background We hypothesized that changes in the levels of sexual hormones during the menstrual cycle influence the concentration of nitric oxide in the exhaled air (FeNO) and alveolar exhaled nitric oxide (CANO). Methods Twelve healthy, non allergic women in their reproductive age (age range 25–37 years) were recruited. Subjects were studied, on alternate days, over the course of their menstrual cycle. At each visit, measurements of FeNO and CANO were performed. Progesterone and 17-β-estradiol concentrations were measured in salivary samples. Results Eight subjects completed the study. The levels of FeNO and CANO were 13 ± 4.7 pbb and 3.5 ± 1.9 pbb, respectively (mean ± SD). The mea…
Airway cells after swimming outdoors or in the sea in nonasthmatic athletes
2003
BONSIGNORE, M. R., G. MORICI, L. RICCOBONO, M. PROFITA, A. BONANNO, A. PATERNO, R. DI GIORGI, L. CHIMENTI, P. ABATE, F. MIRABELLA, A. M. VIGNOLA, and G. BONSIGNORE. Airway Cells after Swimming Outdoors or in the Sea in Nonasthmatic Athletes. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 35, No. 7, pp. 1146–1152, 2003. Marathon runners and elite swimmers showed increased inflammatory cells in the airways at baseline. Although airway neutrophils increase further after a marathon race, the airway response to swimming is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of swimming on airway cells. To avoid the concomitant effects of chronic exposure to chlorine, the study was conducted in seven nonasth…
NO Reduces PMN Adhesion to Human Vascular Endothelial Cells Due to Downregulation of ICAM-1 mRNA and Surface Expression
2000
Reperfusion damage is largely due to the adherence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to the endothelium initiated by adhesion molecule upregulation. The reduced endothelial nitric oxide release during ischemia may be involved in the upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1. In this study, we tested if nitric oxide donors suppress polymorphonuclear leukocyte adherence to activated endothelial cells by inhibition of the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 surface expression. Confluent human umbilical vein endothelial cells were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (300 U/mL) after preincubation with increasing concentrations of the nitric oxide donors CAS 1609 (0.005-5 mM/L) and 3…
Development and Aging Are Oxygen-Dependent and Correlate with VEGF and NOS along Life Span
2012
During development and aging, vascular remodeling represents a critical adaptive response to modifications in oxygen supply to tissues. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) has a crucial role and is modulated by oxygen levels, with an age-dependent response in neonates, adult, and aged people. ROS are generated under hypoxic conditions and the accumulation of free radicals during life reduces the ability of tissues to their removal. In this immunohistochemical study we investigated the presence and localization of VEGF and iNOS in human carotid bodies (CB) sampled at autopsy from three children (mean age – 2 years), four adult young subjects (mean age – 44.3 years), and four old subjects (mean ag…
Heat shock protein-27 protects human bronchial epithelial cells against oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis: possible implication in asthma.
2002
Inflammation of the human bronchial epithelium, as observed in asthmatics, is characterized by the selective death of the columnar epithelial cells, which desquamate from the basal cells. Tissue repair initiates from basal cells that resist inflammation. Here, we have evaluated the extent of apoptosis as well as the Hsp27 level of expression in epithelial cells from bronchial biopsy samples taken from normal and asthmatic subjects. Hsp27 is a chaperone whose expression protects against oxidative stress. We report that in asthmatic subjects the basal epithelium cells express a high level of Hsp27 but no apoptotic morphology. In contrast, apoptotic columnar cells are devoid of Hsp27 expressio…
Exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy and preterm birth: A Spanish multicenter birth cohort study
2016
Background and objective: Preterm birth is a major determinant of infant mortality and morbidity. Air pollution has been suggested as a risk factor for preterm delivery; however, the scientific evidence on this impact remains inconsistent. We assessed the association between residential exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and preterm birth (gestational age at delivery <37 weeks) in Spain. Methods: This study was based on 2409 pregnant women participating in the INMA birth cohorts in Asturias, Gipuzkoa, Sabadell and Valencia. Ambient levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and benzene were estimated for each woman's residence for each trimester and for the whole pregnancy, using temporally a…
Thrombosis factors and oxidant/antioxidant markers in obese and hypertensive women during pregnancy.
2015
To investigate the oxidative profile and thrombotic markers in obese and hypertensive mothers.Thirty obese, 28 hypertensive and 34 healthy control mothers were recruited from Tlemcen Hospital, Algeria. Plasma vitamin C, nitric oxide, superoxide anion, erythrocyte glutathione, malondialdehyde, carbonyl proteins and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities and coagulation markers [protein C, protein S, fibrinogen, prothrombin, antithrombin, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), lupus anticoagulants (LACs)] were measured. Changes in plasma urea, creatinine, uric acid, glucose and lipid levels were also determined.Plasma glucose concentrations were high in obese mothers, and plasma ure…
Estradiol counteracts oxidized LDL-induced asymmetric dimethylarginine production by cultured human endothelial cells.
2006
Objective: Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, is a novel cardiovascular risk factor produced by endothelial cells. ADMA levels are mainly regulated by the activity of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases (DDAH). Endothelial release of ADMA is increased in the presence of oxidized LDL cholesterol (oxLDL), whereas estrogens stimulate NO production by endothelial cells by increasing both expression and activity of NO synthase and by reducing ADMA levels. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the estradiol effects on the DDAH/ADMA/NO pathway in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) exposed to LDL. Methods…
Foetal erythrocytes exhibit an increased ability to scavenge for nitric oxide
1998
The presence of adult human whole blood inhibited in vitro relaxations of rat aortic rings by the nitric oxide (NO) donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP). Incubation with foetal blood containing the same concentration of haemoglobin produced a shift to the right of the relaxation curve. SNAP-induced vasorelaxations were more inhibited by dialysed solutions of haemoglobin than by the presence of erythrocytes in the organ bath, but there were no differences between the effect of adult or foetal haemoglobins. The presence of plasma from adult or foetal blood did not modify the effects of SNAP. Relaxations induced by endogenous, endothelium-derived, NO were more inhibited by foetal t…