Search results for "PANCREATITIS"

Role of biomarkers in the management of antibiotic therapy: an expert panel review II: clinical use of biomarkers for initiation or discontinuation o…

2013

Abstract Biomarker-guided initiation of antibiotic therapy has been studied in four conditions: acute pancreatitis, lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), meningitis, and sepsis in the ICU. In pancreatitis with suspected infected necrosis, initiating antibiotics best relies on fine-needle aspiration and demonstration of infected material. We suggest that PCT be measured to help predict infection; however, available data are insufficient to decide on initiating antibiotics based on PCT levels. In adult patients suspected of community-acquired LRTI, we suggest withholding antibiotic therapy when the serum PCT level is low (<0.25 ng/mL); in patients having nosocomial LRTI, data are insuf…

Stellenwert des Tumormarkers CA 19–9 in der Differentialdiagnose von Raumforderungen im Pankreaskopf

1996

In 96 patients (ductal pancreatic carcinoma, n = 34; periampullary carcinoma, n = 43; chronic pancreatitis, n = 19) the role of CA 19-9 in the diagnosis of lesions of the head of the pancreas were evaluated. The sensitivity for ductal pancreatic carcinoma was 73.3%, for periampullary carcinoma 48.8%, and specificity was 63.2%. Carcinoembryonic antigen was elevated only in every fifth patient. Even when combining the two tumor markers no increase in sensitivity could be observed. The low specificity of 63%, which decreased to 33% in the case of obstructive jaundice, does not allow adequate preoperative differentiation between cancer patients and those with chronic pancreatitis. In cases of p…

Peptidergic Innervation in Chronic Pancreatitis

1990

The reason for the generation and continuation of chronic pain in chronic pancreatitis is unclear [6, 10, 11, 13, 61, 117]. Current concepts of the neurobiology of pain point to the possible role of various neuropeptides in pain processing and inflammation [8, 29, 32, 33, 44, 60, 64, 65, 68, 79, 104, 112]. A key function has been ascribed to the proinflammatory and pronociceptive peptides of the tachykininin (TK) family (8, 44, 104, 109]. That the tachykinin substance P (SP) may be involved in chronic inflammatory and painful disease of the gastrointestinal system is evidenced by a selective increase in the density of tachykinin receptors in the bowels of patients suffering from Crohn’s dis…

Corrigendum to: Are pancreatic calcifications specific for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis? A multidetector-row CT analysis. [64 (9) 903–911]

2009

Role of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in local complications of acute pancreatitis

2019

Acute pancreatitis (AP) represents a pancreas inflammation of sudden onset that can present different degrees of severity. AP is a frequent cause of acute abdomen and its complications are still a cause of death. Biliary calculosis and alcohol abuse are the most frequent cause of AP. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are not necessary for the diagnosis of AP but they are fundamental tools for the identification of the cause, degree severity and AP complications. AP severity assessment is in fact one of the most important issue in disease management. Contrast-enhanced CT is preferred in the emergency setting and is considered the gold standard in patients with AP.…

Albumin versus solvent/detergent-treated pooled plasma as replacement fluid for long-term plasma exchange therapy in a patient with primary hypertrig…

2015

BACKGROUND Chylomicronemia syndrome is a metabolic condition characterized by severe fasting hypertrigliceridemia (≥1000 mg/dL) and other clinical features including chronic abdominal pain and recurrent acute pancreatitis. In patients with acute or recurrent pancreatitis, plasma exchange (PEx) is indicated for the treatment of acute disease and prevention of recurrence. The use of plasma instead of albumin as replacement fluid has been suggested for its putative ability to replace the deficient enzyme possibly leading to better clinical improvement. CASE REPORT A 40-year-old man with chylomicronemia syndrome due to a newly identified loss-of-function mutation in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL)…

Interaction Between Cytokines and Oxidative Stress in Acute Pancreatitis

2006

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammation initially localized in the pancreatic gland which may lead to local and systemic complications. The development of severe acute pancreatitis is mediated by pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the systemic inflammatory response, cytokines and oxidative stress being their components of major importance. Nevertheless, it is still unknown why an episode of acute pancreatitis remains mild or progresses to a severe form. Activated leukocytes are the main source of cytokines. Interleukin 1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) initiate and propagate almost all the consequences of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, leading to amplifica…

Utilidad diagnóstica de la ecografía abdominal con contraste en la patología inflamatoria digestiva

2014

La ecografía abdominal con contraste (EAC) es una nueva técnica que ofrece información de la microvascularización de los órganos intraabdominales (asas intestinales, páncreas, hígado,…), lo que la hace idónea para explorar la inflamación de los mismos. El objetivo del presente proyecto es analizar la utilidad de esta técnica en la valoración de la patología inflamatoria digestiva centrándose en dos trastornos inflamatorios de gran relevancia clínica: la enfermedad de Crohn (EC), proceso inflamatorio crónico, y la pancreatitis aguda (PA), proceso inflamatorio agudo. La hipótesis del trabajo es que las medidas cuantitativas del realce intestinal o pancreático tras la administración intravenos…

Aplicación de la gammagrafía de leucocitos marcados con tecnecio 99 metaestable hexametil propilen amino oxima (99mTc-HMPAO) en la valoración pronóst…

2005

Introducción: La Pancreatitis Aguda (PA) es una enfermedad de instauración rápida y que puede presentar complicaciones, tanto locales como sistémicas, pudiendo comprometer la vida de los pacientes. Para un manejo adecuado de la enfermedad es importante identificar a aquellos con un mayor riesgo de presentarlas, por lo que existen distintos sistemas desarrollados para predecir la evolución de la enfermedad (clínico-analíticos, pruebas de laboratorio y pruebas de imagen). Por otra parte, algunos estudios han demostrado que los leucocitos juegan un papel fundamental en la patogenia de la PA. Estos pueden localizarse en el área inflamada mediante Gammagrafías de leucocitos marcados (GLM) con ra…

Redox signaling in acute pancreatitis: roles of PGC-1α and sulfiredoxin

2020

La pancreatitis aguda es un proceso inflamatorio agudo de la glándula pancreática que conduce frecuentemente a complicaciones locales y sistémicas. En la actualidad, es la principal causa de admisión hospitalaria por enfermedad gastrointestinal y su incidencia ha aumentado considerablemente durante la última década.Entre los mecanismos fisiopatológicos más relevantes en las primeras fases de la pancreatitis aguda se encuentran: la activación intracelular de proteasas, la alteración en la secreción de las células acinares, la activación de la respuesta inflamatoria y la muerte celular. Con frecuencia, estos mecanismos actúan sinérgicamente durante el inicio y la progresión de la pancreatitis…