Search results for "PEST"

showing 10 items of 1124 documents

Soil microbial community fragmentation reveals indirect effects of pesticide application mediated through biotic interactions between taxa

2022

In soil ecosystems, microorganisms exist in complex and diverse communities where microbial taxa are linked through different types of interactions. Therefore, pesticide application will not only directly affect certain microbial taxa, but will also have indirect effects throughout the community mediated through these interactions. These indirect effects may also influence ecosystem functions. In this study, a naturally occurring soil microbial community was fragmented by filtering a soil suspension and inoculating sterile soil microcosms. The effect of the fungicide Hymexazol on community structure and function was tested on the separate fractions and on the unfragmented community after a …

[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]co-occurrence networkfungicidemicrobial interactionspesticide
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La ligne de tramway, une expérience scientifique. Conférence donnée dans le Tram de Dijon dans le cadre de "La nuit des chercheurs" et des 70 ans de …

2016

SPEIPMUMRUB; Dans une rame du tram, Daniel Wipf, Professeur en Agroécologie, racontera aux voyageurs qu’ils passent sur « une expérience scientifique ». En effet, les chercheurs de l’INRA font actuellement des expérimentations en vue d’améliorer l’enherbement de la ligne sans avoir recours à des pesticides.

[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]enherbement[ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio][SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]tramexpérience scientifiquepesticide
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Modelling the fate of pesticides in innovative cropping systems disigned to reduce the use of pesticides

2016

EAAgroSupINRAGESTAD; The objective of this work was to assess and compare the ability of three pesticide fate models (MACRO, PEARL and PRZM) to simulate the concentration in leachates of pesticides applied in different conventional and innovative cropping systems. The test of the models was based on measurements of water flows and pesticides concentrations done in two French experimental sites. The results showed that MACRO was the most efficient model to simulate the amounts of percolated water and the concentrations of pesticides used in the various cropping systems

[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]modellingassesment[ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio]innovative cropping systemsfield experiment[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]food and beveragespesticides
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Organisateurs du congrès

2017

SPEGESTAD INRA; Organisateurs du congrès. Journées d’Échanges sur les Résistances aux Produits de Protection des Plantes 2017

[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]organisation de congrès[ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio][SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]résistance aux pesticides
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Renforcer l’immunité des plantes pour réduire l’usage des pesticides. Avis de l'expert « Il est possible de produire sans pesticide »

2022

Chercheur à l’Inrae Dijon, Stéphane Cordeau est responsable de la plateforme expérimentale CA-SYS, créée en2018, quidéveloppe des systèmes de productionagricole sans pesticide. Réduire de 50 % l’emploi de pesticides d’ici 2030,est-ce atteignable ? 2030 c’est demain. Je ne peux pas dire si c’est possible ou pas, en revanche c’est un enjeu de taille. Les dispositifs zéro pesticide que l’on teste sur la plateforme CASYS, coconstruite avec le monde agricole depuis2013,visent à éclairer les impasses, les difficultés, les performances, le coût de la transition. On a quatre ans de recul qui démontrent qu’il estpossibledeproduiresanspesticide,maisàdesniveaux de productivité plus faibles. Quels sont…

[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]sans pesticideagroécologievulgarisation
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Impact of a new bio-pesticide produced by Paenibacillus sp. strain B2 on the genetic structure and density of soil bacterial communities

2007

The effect of paenimyxin, a new biopesticide produced by Paenibacillus sp. strain B2, on the density of soil bacterial communities was assessed by colony counting and by 16S rDNA and nirK quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Paenimyxin had a negative effect on the bacterial colony-forming unit (CFU) number, which was significantly reduced 2 and 4 days after treatment. The effect of paenimyxin on cultivatable bacteria was negligible 7 days after treatment. Approximately 107 16S rDNA sequences per gram of soil (dry weight) were detected by quantitative PCR in all samples. Paenimyxin did not affect the quantification of 16S rDNA or of the denitrifying bacterial community. In addition,…

[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTIONMicrobiologyBIOPESTICIDE03 medical and health sciencesPaenibacillusDenitrifying bacteriaDry weightRNA Ribosomal 16SPAENIMYXINDNA Ribosomal SpacerFood sciencePolymyxinsPesticidesSoil Microbiology030304 developmental biology0303 health sciencesbiologyStrain (chemistry)Bacteria030306 microbiologyGeneral MedicineSequence Analysis DNAbiology.organism_classification16S ribosomal RNADNA Fingerprinting3. Good healthBiopesticideMicrobial population biologySOIL DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACIDInsect Science[SDE]Environmental SciencesAgronomy and Crop ScienceBacteria
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Protection de la ressource en eau du bassin de l’Auxerrois et transformation des pratiques agricoles

2022

Avec des taux de nitrates dépassant les seuils définis par la Directive européenne « nitrates », puis la présence de résidus de pesticides utilisés par les activités agricoles du secteur, l’eau des bassins d’alimentation de captages de l’Auxerrois fait l’objet de préoccupations depuis une trentaine d’année. C’est ainsi qu’à la fin des années 1990, les représentants des pouvoirs publics ont choisi de mettre en place une démarche préventive passant par un travail de transformation des pratiques agricoles. Notre article analyse comment la prise en charge collective de cette situation participe à la configuration des relations entre représentants des pouvoirs publics, agriculteurs et défenseurs…

[SHS.ANTHRO-SE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnologySocial Sciences and Humanities[SHS.SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociologysoil conservation agriculturedrinking waterorganic agriculturepesticidespreventive approachagriculture biologiquedémarche préventive[SHS.ENVIR] Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies[SHS.HISPHILSO] Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciencespollutionagriculture de conservation des solsGeneral Earth and Planetary SciencesSciences Humaines et Socialeseau potableagricultureGeneral Environmental ScienceVertigO
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Ekologo-gigieničeskaâ ocenka povedeniâ insekticidov v agrocenoze âbloni

2016

Under actual conditions of agroecosystems and agrocoenosis of the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine, the use of neonicotinoids and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides in apple orchards pose no hazard to terrestrial ecosystems and human health in terms of nutrition hygiene and sanitary soil protection,provided that conventional technolo- gies as well as agrotechnical and hygienic regulations apply.

agrocoenosispesticidesecological and hygienic assessmentplant protection chemicalsScience and World. International scientific journal
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Reconciling pesticide reduction with economic and environmental sustainability in arable

2014

National audience

agroecology[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio][SDE] Environmental Sciencesperformance indicatorcrop diversification[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio][SDE]Environmental Sciences[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biologypesticide usecropping systemComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
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Managing biotic interactions for ecological intensification of agroecosystems.

2014

9 pages; International audience; Agriculture faces the challenge of increasing food production while simultaneously reducing the use of inputs and delivering other ecosystem services. Ecological intensification of agriculture is a paradigm shift, which has recently been proposed to meet such challenges through the manipulation of biotic interactions. While this approach opens up new possibilities, there are many constraints related to the complexity of agroecosystems that make it difficult to implement. Future advances, which are essential to guide agricultural policy, require an eco-evolutionary framework to ensure that ecological intensification is beneficial in the long term.

agroecologylcsh:Evolution[SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/AgronomyadaptationEcosystem services[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environment/Ecosystems[ SDV.SA.AGRO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomylcsh:QH540-549.5[ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environment/Symbiosislcsh:QH359-425Agricultural policyAdaptation (computer science)AgroecologyEcology Evolution Behavior and Systematicsbiodiversity2. Zero hungerEcologyLand usebusiness.industryEnvironmental resource managementland use15. Life on land[ SDV.EE.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environment/Ecosystemsagroecology;pestcontrol;landuse;adaptation;ecosystemservices;biodiversity13. Climate actionAgricultureParadigm shiftEnvironmental ScienceFood processingBusinesslcsh:Ecologyecosystem servicespest controlecosystem services.[SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environment/Symbiosis
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