Search results for "PET"
showing 10 items of 12749 documents
Competition and product survival in the UK car market
2005
The paper examines the extent to which inter- and intra-firm competition influenced the survival of cars in the UK market between 1971 and 1998. It is shown that, while competition influenced product survival in all market segments within the UK car market, the nature of that competition differed between them. In the small family and large family car segments, intra-firm competition dominated inter-firm competition. In contrast, in the luxury/sports car segment only inter-firm competition conditions resulted in product survival. Evidence was also found that the luxury/sports car segment has grown more competitive over time and that firms marketing products in the family car segments have be…
THE SURVIVAL OF DIFFERENTIATED PRODUCTS: AN APPLICATION TO THE UK AUTOMOBILE MARKET, 1971-2002*
2009
We investigate how competition affected the survival of products in the UK automobile market between 1971 and 2002. We find, after using a host of controls to account for product characteristics and changes in market structure, that (i) within and between firm spatial competition significantly reduces the life of a model, (ii) initial product differentiation and variant proliferation obviate competition, and (iii) product innovation significantly extends model survival.
Technical efficiency and the vertical boundaries of the firm: theory and evidence
2013
This article provides a theoretical and empirical analysis of the relationship between firms’ technical efficiency and the vertical organization of production. Technical inefficiency is explicitly introduced as the source of firms’ heterogeneity in a Bertrand–Nash model of industry competition: the main prediction of the model is that the most efficient firms choose vertical integrated structures and the less-efficient ones choose disintegrated structures. The empirical part of the article rests on a stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) in a sample of about 400 Italian machine tool (MT) builders, and the result supports the prediction of the theoretical model.
Pure Component Pricing in a Duopoly
2002
In this paper, we focus on price competition between several multiproduct firms which produce differentiated systems, each consisting of two complementary products. It is shown here that if firms are restricted to pure component pricing (bundling is not allowed) whenever components produced are compatible, pure strategy equilibrium may not exist. With the use of bundling strategies, pure strategy equilibrium always exists. For the pure component pricing case we provide a full characterization for the existence of a pure strategy equilibrium.
Evolución de la eficiencia técnica de la industria textil española en el periodo 1995-2005. Análisis mediante un modelo frontera estocástica*
2021
La industria textil española, con un peso relativo importante en la manufactura, se encuentra sumida en una profunda crisis como consecuencia de la cada vez más agresiva e intensa competencia ejercida por los países productores de bajo coste. Si bien la eficiencia no agota el conjunto de estrategias para ser competitivo, la presencia de competidores induce a su búsqueda (Porter, 1990). En este trabajo se examina la evolución de la eficiencia técnica del textil español. Con tal finalidad, para el periodo 1995-2005 y cada uno de los siete grupos de actividad en que puede subdividirse la industria textil, se estima una frontera de producción estocástica de tipo translog. Los resultados empíric…
Credit risk and efficiency in the European banking system: A three-stage analysis
2002
Increased competition and the attempts of European banks to increase their presence in other markets may have affected the efficiency and credit risk in the banking system. The first aspect is the incentive in reducing costs in order to gain in competitiveness. The second is associated with their lack of knowledge of such markets and/ or acceptance of a higher risk in order to increase their market share. Despite the importance of these aspects, banking literature has usually analysed the effects of competition on the efficiency of banking systems without considering these aspects. The few studies that attempt to obtain risk adjusted efficiency measures do not consider that part of the risk…
Mate choice for indirect genetic benefits: scrutiny of the current paradigm
2007
Summary 1Sexual selection through mate choice, and in particular female choice for indirect fitness benefits for their offspring, is a major paradigm that currently seems to enjoy almost unequivocal acceptance. A large body of theoretical work has been built to explain the evolution of mate choice in the absence of direct benefits, and the empiricists have enthusiastically verified the various assumptions and predictions of the theory. 2However, the relative importance of mate choice for indirect benefits in comparison to choice for direct benefits or to other mechanisms of sexual selection such as male–male competition or sensory exploitation remains a controversial issue, and this seems t…
Representação visual de custos no processo produtivo: estudo de caso em uma indústria calçadista de Portugal
2015
Ao longo das últimas décadas, os sistemas convencionais de produção passaram por mudanças diante da intensificação da competitividade entre empresas. As ocorrências dessas mudanças impulsionaram o desenvolvimento de ferramentas de auxílio à tomada de decisão para sistemas produtivos, no entanto, a maioria destes instrumentos não permite a visualização dos custos envolvidos ao longo das operações industriais. O presente estudo realiza a integração do Waste Identification Diagrams (WID), atual ferramenta para visualização e análise de processos produtivos, em conjunto com Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TDABC), ferramenta de gestão estratégica de custos, e procura criar um modelo que visu…
The iGEM Competition
2014
The international Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) competition is a well-known example of synthetic biology and a workbench for the development of heterodox, multidisciplinary and frontier work made by undergraduate students. We review the origin, organization and structure of the competition; we describe how an iGEM team can be set in place, and briefly summarize some of the main milestones and challenges of a competition that is only one decade old. We discuss the links of the competition with the Registry of Standard Biological Parts and the flagship role of iGEM as a very trench of the synthetic biology revolution.
Sport entrepreneurs’ performance in business
2020
Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is one of the performance measurements in the research on sport entrepreneurship. Another measure of performance studied is coopetition (simultaneous collaboration ...