Search results for "POLLUTANTs"
showing 10 items of 1125 documents
Dissolution of resin acids, retene and wood sterols from contaminated lake sediments.
2005
The dissolution potency of hydrophobic resin acids (RAs), retene and wood sterols from sediments was studied. These wood extractives and their metabolites are sorbed from pulp and paper mill effluents to downstream sediments. With harmful components like these, sediments can pose a hazard to the aquatic environment. Therefore, sediment elutriates with water were produced under variable conditions (agitation rate and efficiency, time), and concentrations of the dissoluted compounds were analyzed. Both naturally contaminated field sediments and artificially spiked sediments were studied. By vigorous agitation RAs can be released fast from the sediment matrix and equilibrium reached within 3 d…
Do historical sediments of pulp and paper industry contribute to the exposure of fish caged in receiving waters?
2011
Field experiments were conducted in early summer 2004 by caging brown trout (Salmo trutta m. lacustris) in Southern Lake Saimaa (SE Finland) for 10 days. Cages were positioned into two depths at four distances (5 to 17 km) from the pulp and paper mill; one set with direct contact to the sediment and other locating at the three meters' depth from the water surface. Resin acids were measured from sediment, water, and fish bile. Possible toxicities were investigated by measuring liver EROD-activity, HSP70-protein, and gene expression profiles by microarray. The concentration of resin acids in the sediment showed clear gradient along the distance from the mill, and their concentrations in water…
Fish community responses to pulp and paper mill effluents at the southern Lake Saimaa, Finland.
2002
Abstract The fish community in sublittoral and profundal waters, at stony shores, and densities of vendace larvae were studied in the southern Lake Saimaa, Finland. The objective was to investigate the possible recovery of fish populations after modernizations at the pulp and paper mills discharging into the lake. Sublittoral and profundal waters were studied by gill net trial fishings, stony shores by electrofishing, and vendace larvae by beach seine. The research area was divided in a polluted (0.5–4.0% effluent), an intermediate (0.1–0.5%) and a ‘clean’ reference area. The fish community in sublittoral and profundal waters in the lake was dominated (>60%) by perch and roach. Relative abu…
The capacity of liver microsomes to form benzo[a]pyrene-diolepoxide-DNA adducts and induction of cytochrome P450 1A in feral fish exposed to pulp mil…
1996
An investigation was made of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) induction, determined by the activity of EROD (7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase), and formation of benzo[a]pyrene-diolepoxide-DNA (BPDE-DNA) adducts, measured by synchronous fluorescence spectrophotometry, in liver microsomes of perch (Perca fluviatilis), bream (Abramis brama), and roach (Rutilus rutilus). Fish were collected from the southern part of Lake Saimaa (Finland), an area polluted by effluents from the pulp and paper industry. In addition, two conjugation enzymes (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and glutathione S-transferase) were determined. Overall, when compared to an upstream reference, EROD activity was higher in fish at waters…
Heat shock protein Hsp70 expression and DNA damage in Baikalian sponges exposed to model pollutants and wastewater from Baikalsk Pulp and Paper Plant
2002
Abstract Lake Baikal, a unique habitat for a great number of endemic species, is the largest freshwater reservoir in the world which is still largely unaffected by anthropogenic pollution, except for some shore regions with industrial activity. The expressions of a biomarker of exposure (heat shock protein Hsp70) and a biomarker of effect (DNA single-strand breaks) were measured for the first time in endemic Baikalian sponge species (Baikalospongia intermedia, Lubomirskia fusifera, and Lubomirskia abietina). Tissue cubes of B. intermedia and dissociated cells of L. fusifera and L. abietina reacted to temperature stress (10–16 °C above ambient temperature) with a time-dependent increase in e…
Expression of the Vitellogenin Gene in the Liver of Juvenile Whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L. s.l.) Exposed to Effluents from Pulp and Paper Mills
1999
Juvenile whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L. s.l.) were exposed by caging in the field to diluted effluents from three operating pulp, paper, and paperboard mills in Southern Lake Saimaa, Finland. The expression of the vitellogenin gene, used as a biomarker of estrogenic contamination of effluents, was measured using a Northern blotting method. Increased mRNA levels, the most specific and reliable evidence for estrogen receptor-mediated actions in vivo, were found in fish caged in the vicinity of one of three mills studied. This mill was found to discharge wood-derived compounds, such as sterols and resin acids, into Lake Saimaa in amounts considerably exceeding those from the other two mills…
Altered Challenge Response in Whitefish Subchronically Exposed in Areas Polluted by Bleached Kraft Mill Effluents
1999
Exposure to impaired water quality, as in bleached kraft mill effluents (BKMEs), has recently been demonstrated to impair the ability of fish to elicit an acute stress response. Acute stress caused by catching is, in most field studies, an unavoidable incident that may markedly affect physiological functions. Consistently, dissimilar stress responses to catching procedures in exposed and reference animals may lead to altered results. In this study, juvenile whitefish (Coregonus levaretus) were caged for 30 days in two reference areas and three areas affected by different BKMEs, and the immediate effects of low-level handling on physiological functions in four periods within an hour of the s…
Effect of pulp and paper mill effluent (BKME) on physiological parameters of roach (Rutilus rutilus) infected by the digenean Rhipidocotyle fennica.
2002
Physiological parameters were measured after experimental infection of roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) with Rhipidocotyle fennica Gibson, Valtonen et Taskinen, 1992 (Digenea) cercariae. The fish were caught from two lakes: a eutrophic bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME)-contaminated lake and an oligotrophic unpolluted lake. The intensity of infection was followed up to 10 days post infection (p.i.) and physiological parameters indicating non-specific stress responses and the condition of fish were examined simultaneously. The mean abundance, the number of parasites per fish, of R. fennica was significantly higher in the fish from the contaminated water during the first two days p.i., probably re…
Biological effects of high molecular weight lignin derivatives
2010
Abstract A number of high molecular weight (HMW) lignin derivatives possessing varied chemical properties were screened for their biological effects in order to obtain more information on the possible structural features of HMW lignin-related effects. The studied compounds were both commercial and in-house extracted lignin derivatives. Bioassays used include reverse electron transport (RET), Vibrio fischeri, Daphnia magna , and juvenile rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes. The studied lignin derivatives inhibited the in vitro systems and luminescence of V. fischeri bacteria to some extent–daphnids were not affected. It seems that, at least in the RET assay, certain pH-dependent…
Effects of Acute Handling Stress on Whitefish Coregonus lavaretus After Prolonged Exposure to Biologically Treated and Untreated Bleached Kraft Mill …
2000
Exposure of fish to water of impaired quality has been shown to disrupt the function of the hypothalamo-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis and alter the interpretation of data from field studies due to the varying effects of handling and delayed sampling on exposed and reference animals. In the present study, juvenile whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus, were exposed for 6 weeks to diluted (4-8%) untreated and biologically treated bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) and their response to acute handling was investigated. Liver microsomal EROD activity and glycogen phosphorylase (GPase) activity, in addition to gill Na+-K+-ATPase activity, and blood hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were increased in …