Search results for "PROB"
showing 10 items of 8859 documents
Calcification is not the Achilles' heel of cold-water corals in an acidifying ocean
2015
Ocean acidification is thought to be a major threat to coral reefs: laboratory evidence and CO2 seep research has shown adverse effects on many coral species, although a few are resilient. There are concerns that cold-water corals are even more vulnerable as they live in areas where aragonite saturation (?ara) is lower than in the tropics and is falling rapidly due to CO2 emissions. Here, we provide laboratory evidence that net (gross calcification minus dissolution) and gross calcification rates of three common cold-water corals, Caryophyllia smithii, Dendrophyllia cornigera, and Desmophyllum dianthus, are not affected by pCO2 levels expected for 2100 (pCO2 1058 ?atm, ?ara 1.29), and nor a…
Investigación en el aula: evaluación de la metodología de aprendizaje basado en problemas en la asignatura de Corrosión
2020
[ES] La metodología de Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP) se introdujo por primera vez en un curso de Corrosión del Master de Ingeniería Química de la Universitat Politècnica de València, durante el curso 2018-2019. Se diseñaron y presentaron diferentes problemas relacionados con todos estos conceptos como metodología de aprendizaje basado en problemas. Para evaluar el empleo de este tipo de metodología activa se plantea la elaboración de una encuesta a los estudiantes de manera anónima e individual y la realización de una matriz de escenarios presentes y futuros para la asignatura de forma grupal. Es importante señalar que a pesar de que para muchos de los estudiantes (67%) esta era la …
Percepciones de los servicios sociales y representaciones de los trabajadores sociales.
2000
El trabajo que hoy presentamos es una parte de los resultados del Seminario de Investigación realizado en la materia de Psicología Social de los estudios de Trabajo Social de la Universidad de Valencia durante el año 1999. En dicho Seminario hemos tratado de aplicar el conocimiento obtenido en las materias de Cognición y Pensamiento Social al objeto de los Servicios Sociales y los Trabajadores Sociales. De los resultados y conclusiones obtenidas destaca la existencia de un porcentaje cercano al 60% de la población que tiene un nivel muy alto de desconocimiento y desintormación sobre los Servicios Sociales y los trabajadores sociales, resultado que contradice los elementos universalizadores …
Neural networks with non-uniform embedding and explicit validation phase to assess Granger causality
2015
A challenging problem when studying a dynamical system is to find the interdependencies among its individual components. Several algorithms have been proposed to detect directed dynamical influences between time series. Two of the most used approaches are a model-free one (transfer entropy) and a model-based one (Granger causality). Several pitfalls are related to the presence or absence of assumptions in modeling the relevant features of the data. We tried to overcome those pitfalls using a neural network approach in which a model is built without any a priori assumptions. In this sense this method can be seen as a bridge between model-free and model-based approaches. The experiments perfo…
Obstacles modelling reality: Two exploratory studies on physics defined and undefined problems
2014
For some researchers, and perhaps for many teachers, problem-solving is strongly related to thinking (Mayer, 1983). Several reports highlight the importance of developing suitable skills to solve complex, ill-defined and boundless real-life problems in educated people (NSF Standards, U.S. Department of Labour, ABET engineering accreditation organization, and American Institute of Physics, mentioned in Etkina & Van Heuvelen, 2007; Bureau of Labour Statistics, U.S. Department of Labour, 2014; Competency Model Clearinghouse, 2012). Problem-solving is virtually the core of the professional activity of a physicist (Etkina, Van Heuvelen, White-Brahmia, Brookes, Gentile, Murthy, Rosengrant & Warre…
Channel selection in Cognitive Radio Networks: A Switchable Bayesian Learning Automata approach
2013
We consider the problem of a user operating within a Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) which involves N channels each associated with a Primary User (PU). The problem consists of allocating a channel which, at any given time instant is not being used by a PU, to a Secondary User (SU). Within our study, we assume that a SU is allowed to perform “channel switching”, i.e., to choose an alternate channel S times (where S +1 ≤ N) if the previous choice does not lead to a channel which is vacant. The paper first presents a formal probabilistic model for the problem itself, referred to as the Formal Secondary Channel Selection (FSCS) problem, and the characteristics of the FSCS are then analyzed. Ther…
Social Practices based characters in a Robotic Storytelling System
2020
In this work, we present a robotic storytelling system, where the characters have been modelled as cognitive agents embodied in Pepper and NAO robots. The characters have been designed by exploiting the ACT-R architecture, taking into account knowledge, behaviours, norms, and expectations typical of social practices and desires resulting from their personality. The characters explain their reasoning processes during the narration, through a sort of internal dialogue that generate a high level of credibility experienced over the audience.
The Gender of the Cartesian Mind, Body, and Mind-Body Union
2019
The chapter examines what we can know about gender from the perspective of the three primary notions introduced by Descartes in his correspondence with Princess Elisabeth of Bohemia. The first section discusses how the primitive notion of the mind strengthens the idea that “the mind has no sex”, an idea that was further developed by the Cartesian and early feminist François Poulain de la Barre. The next section focuses on the notion of the body and analyses what Descartes has to say about gender in his anatomical writings. The little known posthumously published notes Primae cogitationes circa generationem animalium receive particular attention. Here Descartes assumes a difference between t…
Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science
2012
In the target article, Andy Clark addresses the question of how a probabilistic predictive coding model of the mind relates to our personal level mental lives. This question, he suggests, is “potentially the most important” (MS46). The question is important indeed, but Clark’s answer fails to capitalize on another possible advantage of this approach. Clark suggests that there is a disconnect between the way the world appears to us, on one hand, and the way that it is represented in the brain, on the other. He deals with this disconnect by limiting the scope of the theory, by pointing out that he is discussing a theory of how brains encode and process information, not a theory about how thin…
Emergent Collective Behaviors in a Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning Pedestrian Simulation: A Case Study
2015
In this work, a Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning framework is used to generate simulations of virtual pedestrians groups. The aim is to study the influence of two different learning approaches in the quality of generated simulations. The case of study consists on the simulation of the crossing of two groups of embodied virtual agents inside a narrow corridor. This scenario is a classic experiment inside the pedestrian modeling area, because a collective behavior, specifically the lanes formation, emerges with real pedestrians. The paper studies the influence of different learning algorithms, function approximation approaches, and knowledge transfer mechanisms on performance of learned ped…