Search results for "PRODUCTIVITY"
showing 10 items of 618 documents
Productivity, R&D Spillovers and Educational Attainment*
2012
Economists have long agreed that the local availability of a more qualified workforce generates significant spillovers. This study suggests that these externalities may arise because plants by having access to a more qualified workforce at a regional level, can benefit more from R&D spillovers than those located in areas with less qualified workforce. This hypothesis is tested on a sample of British establishments drawn from the Annual Business Inquiry over the period 1997–2002. The main results are consistent with our expectations that the regional differences in the industry-level educational attainment of the workforce available to a plant will condition its capability of absorbing R&D s…
Is the productivity premium of internationalized firms technology-driven?
2020
AbstractWe ask whether the productivity advantage of internationalized firms documented by the international trade literature can be interpreted most accurately in terms of proximity to the “technological frontier”. We answer in the affirmative using a methodology (based on mixture models) of unbundling technology and total factor productivity (TFP) by estimating “technology-specific” production function parameters. Exploiting detailed data provided by the EFIGE database (a sample of firms distributed across Austria, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Spain, and the UK), we find technology gaps (with respect to the frontier) more than three times larger than the TFP gaps on average. We also f…
Olley–Pakes productivity decomposition: computation and inference
2016
Summary We show how a moment-based estimation procedure can be used to compute point estimates and standard errors for the two components of the widely used Olley–Pakes decomposition of aggregate (weighted average) productivity. When applied to business level microdata, the procedure allows for autocovariance and heteroscedasticity robust inference and hypothesis testing about, for example, the coevolution of the productivity components in different groups of firms. We provide an application to Finnish firm level data and find that formal statistical inference casts doubt on the conclusions that one might draw on the basis of a visual inspection of the components of the decomposition.
The equal collective gains value in cooperative games
2021
AbstractThe property of equal collective gains means that each player should obtain the same benefit from the cooperation of the other players in the game. We show that this property jointly with efficiency characterize a new solution, called the equal collective gains value (ECG-value). We introduce a new class of games, the average productivity games, for which the ECG-value is an imputation. For a better understanding of the new value, we also provide four alternative characterizations of it, and a negotiation model that supports it in subgame perfect equilibrium.
Lieu de résidence et discrimination salariale
2010
Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, die Lohnabweichungen zwischen Jugendlichen, die in sensiblen städtischen Zonen wohnen, am Ende ihrer Ausbildung und denjenigen, die zwar nicht in einer solchen Zone leben, die aber in städtischen Einheiten mit solchen Zonen wohnen, unter Berücksichtigung möglicher Barrieren beim Zugang zu bestimmten Beschäftigungen und insbesondere zu den Arbeitsplätzen von Führungskräften zu untersuchen. In Anknüpfung an Brown, Moon und Zoloth (1980) schlagen wir eine Zerlegung der Lohnabweichungen vor, bei der die Möglichkeit einer Differenzierung beim Zugang zu bestimmten Beschäftigungen entsprechend der Art des Stadtviertels, in dem die Jugendlichen wohnen, berücksichtigt wi…
The Effects of Labor and Product Market Reforms: The Role of Macroeconomic Conditions and Policies
2018
The paper estimates the dynamic macroeconomic effects of labor and product market reforms on output, employment and productivity, and explores how these vary with prevailing macroeconomic conditions and policies. We apply a local projection method to a new dataset of major country- and country-sector-level reform shocks in various areas of labor market institutions and product market regulation covering 26 advanced economies over the past four decades. Product market reforms are found to raise productivity and output, but gains materialize only slowly. The impact of labor market reforms is primarily on employment, but it varies across types of reforms and depends on overall business cycle c…
Does cutting back the public sector improve efficiency? Some evidence from 15 European countries
2013
The successful development of the welfare state that transpired for three decades after WWII in the developed countries, came to a halt around the end of the 1980s. Since then, the number of articles and books dedicated to the crisis of the welfare state has increased. We can now assert that at the turn of the century, almost all industrialized countries had cut at least “some” entitlements in their welfare program along with other expenditure items, and the trend continued in the first decade of this century. To defend the cuts and possibly to justify continuing cuts, several economic reasons, both theoretical and empirical, have been highlighted. From mention of Baumol’s disease to the fi…
Productivity change of the Spanish Port System: impact of the economic crisis
2016
The main goal of this study was to assess the impact of the economic crisis on the productivity growth of the Spanish Port System (SPS). The Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) was estimated for the 28 Port Authorities of the SPS, for a 'non-crisis period' (2005-2008) and a 'crisis period' (2008-2011). From a policy perspective, the MPI is a very useful approach for assessing the productivity change because it can be decomposed into the catching-up index and the frontier productivity index. The results showed that the economic crisis did not impact all of the Spanish Port Authorities equally. Some Port Authorities presented higher productivity growth during the crisis period than in the non-…
The Determinants of Retail Productivity: A Critical Review of the Evidence
2009
This paper discusses the literature on the established determinants of productivity in the retail sector. It also draws attention to some neglected strands of research which provide useful insights into strategies that could allow productivity enhancements in this area of the economy. To date, very few attempts have been made to integrate different specialisms in order to explain what drives productivity in retail. Here this paper rectifies this omission by putting together studies from economics, geography, knowledge management and employment studies. It is the authors’ view that quantitative studies of retail productivity should focus on total factor productivity in retailing as the resul…
Three Essays in Microeconometrics
2020
This dissertation examines three distinct issues using microeconometric techniques. The first two chapters fall in the realm of discrete choice models and try to make allowance for limited attention. The third chapter focuses on firm behavior and investigates the impact of ownership concentration on productivity. Chapter 1 predominantly builds on the consideration capacity model in Dardanoni, Manzini, Mariotti and Tyson (2019). In the attempt to behavioralize rational choice theory, their model identifies the distribution of cognitive characteristics in a population of agents who are observed choosing repeatedly from a single menu. By exploiting algebraic arguments, we first generalize the …