Search results for "Pathophysiology"

Blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio in acute heart failure: an old concept brought to reality?

2016

Renal dysfunction is one of the most important comorbidities in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) and frequently accentuated in the setting of acute HF (AHF).1 In either context, renal dysfunction has important clinical implications that deserve to be highlighted: (A) the added increase in risk of adverse clinical outcomes2 and (B) at greater degrees of renal failure, well evidenced therapies are lacking and current management remains mostly empirical.1 The pathophysiology of renal dysfunction in AHF is complex, multifactorial and not completely understood, which may potentially explain why patients with worsening renal function (WRF) show mixed clinical response and outcomes.1 An im…

Comparison of the main oesophageal pathophysiological characteristics between short- and long-segment Barrett's oesophagus

2002

Aim: To assess the oesophageal manometric characteristics and 24-h pH profiles of patients with both short-segment and long-segment Barrett's oesophagus and compare them with those of patients with reflux oesophagitis and controls. Methods: Seventy-nine patients who had undergone upper digestive endoscopy were recruited: 16 had short-segment Barrett's oesophagus, 13 had long-segment Barrett's oesophagus, 25 had grade III oesophagitis according to the Savary–Miller classification and 25 were used as controls. The diagnosis of Barrett's oesophagus was based on the histological detection of specialized intestinal metaplasia, which extended  3 cm in patients with long-segment disease. All subje…

Sauerstoffversorgung trotz Atemstillstandes

1994

Cardiorenal Fat: A Cardiovascular Risk Factor With Implications in Chronic Kidney Disease.

2021

There is a growing interest in the potential role of adipose tissues in cardiac and renal pathophysiology, and determining the mechanisms by which fat compartments around the heart and kidneys influence cardiovascular disease is of clinical importance in both general and high-risk populations. Epicardial fat and perirenal fat have been associated with adverse outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Epicardial fat is a rich source of free fatty acids and is capable of secreting inflammatory and pro-atherogenic cytokines that promote atherosclerosis through a local paracrine effect. Recent evidence has demonstrated that perirenal fat has a closer correlation with kidney diseases th…

Acute reversible parkinsonism in a diabetic-uremic patient.

2005

Acute movement disorders with basal ganglia lesions have been recently described in diabetic-uremic patients of Asian descent. The process is often reversible, with a favourable clinical outcome. Metabolic (i.e. uremic toxins) and microangiopathic changes have been suggested to be involved in its pathophysiology, even though racial and/or genetic factors might play a role too. In this report, we present a Caucasian diabetic patient with a long-lasting mild uremia in which acute parkinsonism occurred after a steep and unexpected increase of the serum creatinine. The follow-up demonstrated a significant improvement of the neurological signs and symptoms, the creatinine level lowered close to …

Cardiac complications in thalassemia: noninvasive detection methods and new directions in the clinical management.

2004

The natural history of thalassemia has shown substantial change during these years. This applies for each aspect of the pathology (for example, endocrinological, hepatological and psychological) and also for the pathology that has presented and still presents the main cause of death: myocardial dysfunction. In this review, the pathophysiology of cardiac complications, possible role of myocarditis, new knowledge on pathogenesis, and noninvasive detection methods for iron overload in the heart are pointed out. Prophylaxis of cardiomyopathy and new therapy strategies of myocardial dysfunction, including the impact of the new chelation treatment, are discussed.

Expression pattern of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 and their tissue inhibitors in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropat…

2021

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a heterogeneous family of endopeptidases that play a role in many physiological functions, including the immune response. An imbalance between the activity of MMPs and their physiological tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) has been proposed in the pathophysiology of different autoimmune disorders. We aimed to assess the plasmatic levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, and their inhibitors TIMP-1 and -2 in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Subjects and methods: Twenty patients with CIDP and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Plasma concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 were determined by the enzy…

From transformation to chronification of migraine : pathophysiological and clinical aspects

2020

AbstractChronic migraine is a neurological disorder characterized by 15 or more headache days per month of which at least 8 days show typical migraine features. The process that describes the development from episodic migraine into chronic migraine is commonly referred to as migraine transformation or chronification. Ample studies have attempted to identify factors associated with migraine transformation from different perspectives. Understanding CM as a pathological brain state with trigeminovascular participation where biological changes occur, we have completed a comprehensive review on the clinical, epidemiological, genetic, molecular, structural, functional, physiological and preclinic…

Electrical Impedance, ICP and Histology in Rats with Sagittal Sinus Occlusion

1993

The diversity of clinical symptoms developing after thrombosis of the cerebral superior sagittal sinus is not well understood [2, 4], This is largely related to our ignorance of the underlying pathophysiology. An improvement in the pathophysiological understanding can be expected by experimental studies. Although animal models are available fot that purpose they are, however, in short supply. A few years ago, our laboratory in collaboration with the department of neurology at the University of Munich made another attempt to establish a reproducible experimental model for the induction of thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus in rats. In the present studies this model has been used to ev…

Heat Shock Protein 70 Serum Levels Differ Significantly in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis, Liver Cirrhosis, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2014

Members of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family play an important role in assisting protein folding, preventing protein aggregation and transport of proteins across membranes under physiological conditions. Following environmental (i.e., irradiation, chemotherapy), physiological (i.e., cell growth, differentiation), and pathophysiological (i.e., inflammation, tumorigenesis) stress, the synthesis of heat shock proteins (HSPs) is highly up-regulated, whereas protein synthesis in general is reduced. In contrast to normal cells, many tumor entities including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) overexpress HSP70, the major-stress-inducible member of the HSP70 family, present it on their cell surf…