Search results for "Phosphor"

showing 10 items of 1952 documents

Uptake and Metabolism of Purine Nucleosides and Purine Nucleoside Analogues by Cells

1979

Since the discovery of purine nucleotides and purine nucleosides, 1847 by Liebig (1) (inosinic acid) and 1885 by Schulze et al. (2) (guanosine),it was only relatively recently that purine- and purine-nucleoside analogues have been considered to be effective antitumor or antiviral agents. It is due to Prusoff, Schabel and S.S. Cohen that on the other hand pyrimidine nucleoside analogues have already been used clinically as drugs for a number of years.

Purinechemistry.chemical_classificationbiologyPurine nucleoside phosphorylasePurine analogueGuanosinechemistry.chemical_compoundInosinic acidAdenosine deaminasechemistryBiochemistrybiology.proteinNucleotideNucleoside
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Elucidating the catalytic reaction mechanism of orotate phosphoribosyltransferase by means of X-ray crystallography and computational simulations

2020

15 p.-8 fig.-2 tab.1 graph. abst.+ 8 fig. supl.-1 tab. supl.

PyrimidineStereochemistry010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesCatalysisEnzyme catalysischemistry.chemical_compoundOrotidineNucleotideReaction mechanismchemistry.chemical_classificationMD simulations010405 organic chemistryHydrogen bondEnzyme catalysisGeneral ChemistryTautomer0104 chemical sciencesPyrimidine metabolismOrotate phosphoribosyltransferasechemistryPyrimidine metabolismOrotate phosphoribosyltransferaseQM/MM methodsX-ray structure
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Quantitative structure-activity relationships for the toxicity of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides to the Rainbow trout Onchorhyncus mykiss.

2006

This study has investigated the development of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for the toxicity to rainbow trout Onchorhyncus mykiss Walbaum of 75 organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides. The toxicity data were obtained from an openly available toxicological database and were selected to be representative of a single endpoint. A large number of physicochemical and structural descriptors were calculated for the pesticides. QSAR models were developed using multiple linear regression and partial least-squares analyses. Following the removal of a small number of outliers, predictive QSARs were developed on small numbers of mechanistically relevant descriptors. Applying m…

Quantitative structure–activity relationshipCarbamatemedicine.medical_treatmentQuantitative Structure-Activity RelationshipRisk AssessmentToxicologyOrganophosphorus CompoundsmedicineAnimalsPesticidesToxicity dataChemistryQuantitative structureGeneral MedicinePesticideCarbamate pesticidesInsect ScienceEnvironmental chemistryOncorhynchus mykissToxicityMultivariate AnalysisLinear ModelsRainbow troutCarbamatesCholinesterase InhibitorsAgronomy and Crop SciencePest management science
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On the Importance of Ligand-Centered Excited States in the Emission of Cyclometalated Ir(III) Complexes

2021

The photophysical behavior of the cyclometalating Ir(III) complexes [Ir(ppy)2(bpy)]+, where Hppy is 2-phenylpyridine and bpy is 2,2′-bipyridine (complex 1), and [Ir(diFppy)2(dtb-bpy)]+, where diFppy is 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine and dtb-bpy is 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine (complex 2), has been theoretically investigated by performing density functional theory calculations. The two complexes share the same molecular skeleton, complex 2 being derived from complex 1 through the addition of fluoro and tert-butyl substituents, but present notable differences in their photophysical properties. The remarkable difference in their emission quantum yields (0.196 for complex 1 in dichloromet…

Quantum yieldPhotochemistryArticleInorganic Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundBipyridinechemistryExcited statePyridinePotential energy surfaceRadiative transferDensity functional theoryPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryPhosphorescenceInorganic Chemistry
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Radiation processes in oxygen-deficient silica glasses: Is ODC(I) a precursor of E′-center?

2006

Abstract The accumulation of radiation-induced defects under non-destructive X-ray and destructive cathodoexcitation was studied in pure silica KS-4V glasses possessing an absorption band at 7.6 eV. The correspondence between the existence of this band and the creation of the E′-center by radiation was checked. Detection of induced defects was accomplished by measurement of the luminescence during irradiation, post irradiation afterglow or phosphorescence, induced optical absorption, and thermally stimulated luminescence. In all samples, these observed phenomena associated with charge trapping and recombination on the oxygen-deficient luminescence center. Others centers of luminescence were…

Quenching (fluorescence)Absorption spectroscopyChemistryAnalytical chemistryCondensed Matter PhysicsThermoluminescenceElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsAbsorption bandMaterials ChemistryCeramics and CompositesIrradiationLuminescencePhosphorescenceAbsorption (electromagnetic radiation)Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
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Stabilization of the rhombohedral phase in LiZr2(PO4)3 by thermal quenching

1993

Abstract Two LiZr2(PO4)3 samples, which show rhombohedral and monoclinic symmetries, have been studied by powder XRD and MAS-NMR (31P and 7Li) techniques. In the monoclinic sample phosphorus occupies three crystallographic sites and lithium is preferentially placed in M2 environment. When the samples are subjected to successive heating-quenching treatments, the rhombohedral phase is not appreciably modified while the monoclinic phase is transformed into the rhombohedral one. In the quenched samples only one site for phosphorus has been detected and occupancy of lithium in the more symmetric M1 site is favoured. After the thermal treatments, when the samples are stored at room temperature fo…

QuenchingMagic angleIsotopes of lithiumchemistry.chemical_elementGeneral ChemistryCondensed Matter Physicschemistry.chemical_compoundCrystallographychemistryZirconium phosphatePhase (matter)General Materials ScienceLithiumPhosphorus-31 NMR spectroscopyMonoclinic crystal systemSolid State Ionics
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Particle size-related limitations of persistent phosphors based on the doped Y3Al2Ga3O12 system

2021

AbstractCo-doped Ce3+, Cr3+ and Pr3+ yttrium–aluminium–gallium garnet powders of various sizes were obtained by co-precipitation method. The microstructure and morphology were investigated by XRPD, TEM and gas porosimetry. The luminescence properties were studied by excitation and emission spectra, quantum yield and decay times. Thermoluminescence measurements were performed to evaluate the activation energy, traps redistribution and frequency factor. Limitation in the energy transfer between dopant ions in the small particles, traps depth and surface defects were considered and investigated as responsible for the quenching of persistent luminescence. The phosphors annealed at 1100 °C show …

QuenchingMultidisciplinaryMaterials scienceDopantScienceDopingQAnalytical chemistryRPhysics::OpticsPhosphor02 engineering and technology010402 general chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciencesThermoluminescence0104 chemical sciencesCondensed Matter::Materials SciencePersistent luminescenceyttrium–aluminium–gallium garnet Persistent Luminescence PraseodimiumPhysics::Atomic and Molecular ClustersMedicineParticle size0210 nano-technologyLuminescence
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Phosphorothioate cap analogs increase stability and translational efficiency of RNA vaccines in immature dendritic cells and induce superior immune r…

2010

Vaccination with in vitro transcribed RNA coding for tumor antigens is considered a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy and has already entered human clinical testing. One of the basic objectives for development of RNA as a drug is the optimization of immunobioavailability of the encoded antigen in vivo. By analyzing the effect of different synthetic 5' mRNA cap analogs on the kinetics of the encoded protein, we found that m(2)(7,2'-O)Gpp(S)pG (beta-S-ARCA) phosphorothioate caps, in particular the D1 diastereoisomer, profoundly enhance RNA stability and translational efficiency in immature but not mature dendritic cells. Moreover, in vivo delivery of the antigen as beta-S-ARCA(D1)-c…

RNA StabilityTranslational efficiencyRNA StabilityAntigen presentationPhosphorothioate OligonucleotidesBiologyRNA Cap AnalogsCancer VaccinesAntigenGenes ReporterGeneticsProtein biosynthesisHumansLuciferasesMolecular BiologyAntigen PresentationVaccines SyntheticMessenger RNARNADendritic CellsDendritic cellMolecular biologyProtein BiosynthesisRNAMolecular MedicineHalf-LifeGene Therapy
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Radiation defects in Ce3+-activated fluorobromozirconate glass-ceramic X-ray storage phosphors

2004

Abstract We report on a photostimulated luminescence (PSL) effect in Ce-doped fluorobromozirconate glasses. Small hexagonal or orthorhombic BaBr2 crystallites are formed in the glass upon annealing. The PSL shows a (381,415) nm doublet which is due to the 5d–4f luminescence of Ce3+ in the orthorhombic BaBr2 crystallites embedded in the glass matrix. The stimulation band of the PSL peaking at 580 nm is probably due to perturbed F centres in the crystallites. After X-irradiation the magnetic circular dichroism of the optical absorption showed a broad band in the spectral range between 440 and 800 nm , having a derivative-like line shape centred at about 600 nm . The spectrum consists of two o…

RadiationMaterials sciencePhotoluminescencebusiness.industryMagnetic circular dichroismPhotostimulated luminescenceAnalytical chemistryPhosphorDichroismOpticsOrthorhombic crystal systemCrystalliteLuminescencebusinessInstrumentationRadiation Measurements
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RbBr and CsBr doped with Eu2+ as new competitive X-ray storage phosphors

2001

Abstract After X-irradiation of the alkali halides RbBr and CsBr doped with divalent Eu a significant photostimulated luminescence (PSL) effect was found. In both systems the electron trap centre is an F centre, the hole trap centre is still unknown. The Eu 2+ aggregation with cation vacancies plays an important role. Although all of the different Eu 2+ aggregates seem to show PSL effects, they have different PSL efficiencies, decay times and spectral characteristics. In the case of RbBr:Eu 2+ it was possible to investigate the different Eu 2+ -cation vacancy aggregate states by magnetic circular dichroism of the optical absorption (MCDA) and MCDA-detected electron paramagnetic resonance. I…

RadiationPhotoluminescenceChemistrybusiness.industryPhotostimulated luminescenceMagnetic circular dichroismAnalytical chemistrychemistry.chemical_elementPhosphorlaw.inventionParamagnetismOpticslawLuminescenceEuropiumbusinessElectron paramagnetic resonanceInstrumentationRadiation Measurements
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