Search results for "Phylum"
showing 10 items of 66 documents
Decomposition of Microbial Necromass Is Divergent at the Individual Taxonomic Level in Soil
2021
The turnover of microbial biomass plays an important part in providing a significant source of carbon (C) to soil organic C. However, whether the decomposition of microbial necromass (non-living microbial biomass) in the soil varies at the individual taxa level remains largely unknown. To fill up these gaps, we compared the necromass decomposition of bacterial and archaeal taxa by separating live microbial biomass with 18O-stable isotope probing from dead microbial biomass in soil. Our results showed that most of the microbial necromass at the operational taxonomic unit level (88.51%), which mainly belong to Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Proteobacteria, decomposed sig…
Phylogenetic Distribution of Polysaccharide-Degrading Enzymes in Marine Bacteria
2021
Deconstruction is an essential step of conversion of polysaccharides, and polysaccharide-degrading enzymes play a key role in this process. Although there is recent progress in the identification of these enzymes, the diversity and phylogenetic distribution of these enzymes in marine microorganisms remain largely unknown, hindering our understanding of the ecological roles of marine microorganisms in the ocean carbon cycle. Here, we studied the phylogenetic distribution of nine types of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes in marine bacterial genomes. First, we manually compiled a reference sequence database containing 961 experimentally verified enzymes. With this reference database, we annota…
Sponges (Porifera) Molecular Model Systems to Study Cellular Differentiation in Metazoa
1998
Evolution is a gradual process whereby primarily new genes are formed either by gene duplication (Ohno 1970) or exon shuffling (Gilbert 1978). New proteins can also be produced by overlapping genes, alternative splicing or gene sharing (Li and Graur 1991). These facts imply that (1) proteins found in a given phylum contain elements or modules which are present already in ancestral protein(s) of members of phylogenetically older phyla and (2) that new combinations of such modules create proteins that possess new functions.
Selecting ribosomal protein genes for invertebrate phylogenetic inferences: how many genes to resolve the Mollusca?
2010
Summary 1. Multi-gene analyses are currently the gold standard in phylogenetics, despite limited taxon sampling. To facilitate broad taxon representation on an economically tolerable level, we optimize the gene selection for future PCR-based sampling strategies. 2. Highly expressed ribosomal proteins (RP) were sampled chiefly for molluscs, the second largest metazoan phylum with largely unknown internal relationships. Thirty-two new sequences for Lepidochitona cinerea (Polyplacophora) were integrated into a data-matrix of 79 RP genes, comprising 16 mollusc species (five classes). The resulting maximum likelihood tree was used to evaluate each single-gene tree according to its topological fi…
Aging in Sponges
2003
The sponges (phylum Porifera) are the lowest and phylogenetically oldest, still extant phylum of Metazoa [1, 2]. These animals are considered as the evolutionary earliest living relicts of the successful transition from the (perhaps) unicellular to the multicellular state [2]. Evidence has been presented by molecular phylogenetic analysis that sponges share a common ancestor with the other metazoan phyla, the hypothetical Urmetazoa [2, 3].
Low NETosis Induced in Anaplasma phagocytophilum-Infected Cells.
2022
Anaplasma phagocytophilum are obligatory intracellular bacteria that preferentially replicate inside leukocytes by utilizing biological compounds and processes of these primary host defensive cells. In this study, bioinformatics analysis was conducted to further characterize A. phagocytophilum– host interactions using the neutrophil-like model of human Caucasian promyelocytic leukemia HL60 cells. We detected a hierarchy of molecules involved in A. phagocytophilum-HL60 interactions with overrepresentation in infected human cells of proteins involved in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway and cell surface monocyte markers. As A. phagocytophilum phagocytosis by neutrophils is inhibited, …
A light and electron microscope study of spherical structures in the test cells of an ascidianCiona intestinalis L.
1984
Spherical structures in the test cells that surround the embryos of the ascidianCiona intestinalis L. (Tunicata, phylum Chordata) were studied by both light and electron microscope. Our data support the view that these structures are microorganism-like cells living in symbiosis with the test cells. Their possible role is discussed.
Complete Genome Sequence of Acidaminococcus intestini RYC-MR95, a Gram-Negative Bacterium from the Phylum Firmicutes
2011
ABSTRACT Acidaminococcus intestini belongs to the family Acidaminococcaceae , order Selenomonadales , class Negativicutes , phylum Firmicutes . Negativicutes show the double-membrane system of Gram-negative bacteria, although their chromosomal backbone is closely related to that of Gram-positive bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes . The complete genome of a clinical A. intestini strain is here presented.
Sustainable production of bioactive compounds from sponges: primmorphs as bioreactors
2003
Sponges [phylum Porifera] are a rich source for the isolation of biologically active and pharmacologically valuable compounds with a high potential to become effective drugs for therapeutic use. However, until now, only one compound has been introduced into clinics because of the limited amounts of starting material available for extraction. To overcome this serious problem in line with the rules for a sustainable use of marine resources, the following routes can be pursued; first, chemical synthesis, second, cultivation of sponges in the sea (mariculture), third, growth of sponge specimens in a bioreactor, and fourth, cultivation of sponge cells in vitro in a bioreactor.
Komposisi Kimia Cacing Kacang (Sipunculus nudus) di Kabupaten Raja Ampat dan Kabupaten Manokwari
2017
Filum Sipuncula adalah biota laut unik, dari penampilan luarnya. Hewan ini mirip dengan cacing, sehingga diistilahkan peanut worm. Masyarakat pesisir Papua khususnya di Papua Barat telah memanfaatkan organisme ini sebagai bahan pangan, tetapi komposisi gizi dari spesies inu belum banyak dibahas. Penelitian dilakukan Maret-April 2014, bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi kimia dari Sipuncula nudus yang diambil dari perairan Raja Ampat dan Manokwari. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kadar air S. nudus dari Kelurahan Sowi 4 Manokwari) yaitu 8.06%, kadar lemak tertinggi terdapat pada Kampung Amdui Raja Ampat) yaitu 1.70%, kadar protein tertinggi berasal dari Kampung Amdui Raja Ampat) yaitu 82.46%, karbo…