Search results for "Phytotoxicity"
showing 10 items of 55 documents
Comparison of the Phytotoxkit microbiotest and chemical variables for toxicity evaluation of sediments
2006
The main objective of the research was to evaluate the suitability of the Phytotoxkit microbiotest as a tool for hazard assessment of sediments. The concentrations of oil derivatives, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined in sediment samples collected from the urban canal in Opole (Poland), in order to obtain a general insight of the level of sediment contamination. Phytotoxicity of sediments was estimated on the basis of seed germination and root elongation measurements, combined into an overall germination index (Gl). The results revealed spatial and vertical differentiation in sediment contamination. A good correlation …
Biotransformation and toxicity effect of monoanthraquinone dyes during Bjerkandera adusta CCBAS 930 cultures.
2020
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate of possibility of biotransformation and toxicity effect of monoanthraquinone dyes in cultures of Bjerkandera adusta CCBAS 930. Phenolic compounds, free radicals, phytotoxicity (Lepidium sativum L.), ecotoxicity (Vibrio fischeri) and cytotoxicity effect were evaluated to determine the toxicity of anthraquinone dyes before and after the treatment with B. adusta CCBAS 930. More than 80% of ABBB and AB129 was removed by biodegradation (decolorization) and biosorption, but biodegradation using oxidoreductases was the main dye removing mechanism. Secondary products toxic to plants and bacteria were formed in B. adusta strain CCBAS 930 cultures, despi…
The effects of woodchip- and straw-derived biochars on the persistence of the herbicide 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in soils
2014
Sorption and degradation are the primary processes controlling the efficacy and runoff contamination risk of agrochemicals. This study assessed the influence of two biochars, made from woodchips and straw at a pyrolysis temperature of 725°C and applied to a loamy sand and a sandy soil in the concentration of 5.3 g 100 g(-1) sandy soil and 4.1 g 100 g(-1) loamy sand soil, or 53 t ha(-1) for both soil types, on degradation of the herbicide 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA). Soils were spiked with 50 mg MCPA kg(-1) soil. In the sandy soil, significantly more MCPA remained after 100 days if amended with straw-derived biochar in comparison to wood-derived biochar. Both biochars types si…
Effects of ozone on the foliar histology of the mastic plant (Pistacia lentiscus L.)
2004
[EN] An open-top chamber study was conducted to investigate the tissue and cellular-level foliar effects of ozone (O-3) on a Mediterranean evergreen species, the mastic plant (Pistacia lentiscus L.). Plants were exposed at three different O-3 levels, and leaf samples were collected periodically from the beginning of the exposure. Although no visible foliar injury was evident, alterations of the plastids and vacuoles in the mesophyll were observed. Senescence processes were accelerated with an anomalous stacking of tannin vacuoles, and a reduction in the size and number of the chloroplasts. Overall, most of the modifications induced by O-3 were consistent with previously reported observation…
Control of Portulaca oleracea by boldo and lemon essential oils in different soils
2015
Soil characteristics influence plant growth and can affect the phytotoxicity of the essential oils. In this study chemical composition and herbicidal activity of Peumus boldus Mol. and lemon essential oils in different growing medium against Portulaca oleracea L. was investigated. Ninety-four compounds accounting between 95.5 and 99.8% of the total essential oil were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in boldo and lemon essential oils. Ascaridole (31.56. ±. 0.15%), p-cymene (21.58. ±. 0.09%) and 1,8-cineole (12.57. ±. 0.13%) were the main compounds in P. boldus whereas large amount of limonene (59.28%) followed of β-pinene (12.96%) and γ-terpinene (10.92%) were found in lemo…
Ecotoxicity of halloysite nanotube-supported palladium nanoparticles inRaphanus sativusL
2016
Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are natural nanomaterials that are biocompatible and available in large amounts at low prices. They are emerging nanomaterials with appealing properties for applications like support for metal nanoparticles (NPs). The potential environmental impacts of NPs can be understood in terms of phytotoxicity. Current research has been focusing on HNT applications in cell or animal models, while their use in plants is limited so their ecotoxicological impact is poorly documented. To date there are no studies on the phytotoxic effects of functionalized halloysites (functionalized-HNTs). To develop a quantitative risk assessment model for predicting the potential impact of H…
The Antigerminative Activity of Twenty-Seven Monoterpenes
2010
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Chemical Composition and Possible in Vitro Phytotoxic Activity of Helichrsyum italicum (Roth) Don ssp. italicum
2011
The chemical composition of the essential oil of Helichrysum italicum (Roth) Don ssp. italicum, collected in the National Park of Cilento and Diano Valley, Southern Italy, was studied by means of GC and GC/MS. Forty four compounds of 45 constituents were identified in the oil, mainly oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The essential oil was evaluated for its potential in vitro phytotoxic activity against germination and early radicle elongation of radish and garden cress. The radicle elongation of radish was significantly inhibited at the highest doses tested, while germination of both seeds was not affected.
Phytotoxic Lignans from Artemisia arborescens
2018
A systematic bioassay-guided fractionation of methylene chloride extracts of the aerial part of Artemisia arborescens was performed in order to identify its phytotoxic compounds Two lignans were isolated, sesamin and ashantin, that inhibited growth of Agrostis stolonifera (bentgrass), a monocot, and Lactuca sativa (lettuce), a dicot, at 1 mg mL–1. In a dose-response screening of these lignans for growth inhibition against Lemna paucicostata (duckweed), ashantin was the most active with an IC50 of ca. 224 μM. The mode of action of these compounds is still unknown. In mosquito larvicidal bioassays the pure compounds sesamin and ashantin did not cause mortality at the highest dose of 125 mg/L…
PHYTOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF EUCALYPTUS ESSENTIAL OILS FOR WEED CONTROL
2018
The widespread use of synthetic herbicides has resulted in herbicide-resistant weeds, disturbed ecological balance and negative effects on human health. Due to this fact, it is necessary to rely on alternative weed control strategies using natural compounds released by plants, such as essential oils (EOs). EOs have a short half-life since they are biodegradable, and are safer than synthetic compounds, with little damage to the environment, without even contaminating ground water (Topal and Kocaçalıskan 2006). Essential oils from different species contain allelochemical compounds that possess significant phytotoxic activity. Azizi and Fuji (2006) demonstrated that Eucalyptus (family Myrtacea…