Search results for "Polarization"

showing 10 items of 1884 documents

Polymers, Ferroelectric Liquid Crystalline Elastomers

2002

Ferroelectric materials are a subclass of pyro- and piezoelectric materials. They are very rarely found in crystalline organic or polymeric materials because ferroelectric hysteresis requires enough molecular mobility to reorient molecular dipoles in space. So semicrystalline polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is nearly the only known compound. On the contrary, ferroelectric behavior is very often observed in chiral liquid crystalline materials, both low molar mass and polymeric. Ferroelectric LC-elastomers represent an interesting class of material because they combine the ordering of liquid crystalline ferroelectric phases and the rubber elasticity of polymer networks. Switching of the electr…

chemistry.chemical_classificationchemistry.chemical_compoundPolarization densityMaterials sciencechemistryElectrostrictionPolymerDeformation (engineering)Composite materialElastomerPolyvinylidene fluorideFerroelectricityPiezoelectricityEncyclopedia of Smart Materials
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Localized states in wide-gap oxide glasses

1997

Localized states manifest themselves by light absorption at the optical gap of a glass and by luminescence excited there with Stoke's shift. They are created by the minority structural motifs of one or many structural modifications in which a material can exist, and which can provide electronic states absorption at the optical gap. Their wavefunctions overlapping determine the luminescence intensity dependence on the temperature [I(T)on the order of magnitude exp(- T/T 0 )] and power law (t -1 ) of luminescence decay kinetics, which include intra-center processes due to triplet-singlet transitions and recombination processes due to a tunnel and overbarrier transitions, as well as a fast com…

chemistry.chemical_compoundChemistryExcited stateOxidePhysics::OpticsAtomic physicsAbsorption (electromagnetic radiation)Wave functionLuminescencePolarization (waves)Power lawOrder of magnitudeSPIE Proceedings
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Magneto-Transport Results in Alq3 Based OSVs

2015

The achievement of good magnetoresistance signal at room temperature is an important requirement for the possible future development of organic devices for applications. However, until now only few works reported room temperature MR effect in organic spin valves (OSVs). In this regard, this chapter is dedicated to the investigation of Alq3-based OSVs where Alq3 molecule was chosen since it is a standard material in the field. A systematic study on Co/Alq3/Co OSVs will be presented showing room temperature MR results. Moreover, inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) technique will be used to prove spin injection into the organic layer. Finally, an insulating oxide barrier (Al2O3 or…

chemistry.chemical_compoundMaterials scienceFerromagnetismSpin polarizationMagnetoresistancechemistryCondensed matter physicsInelastic electron tunneling spectroscopySpin valveOxideMagnetoSpin-½
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Magnetic moment investigations of epitaxial magnetite thin films

2008

In this report, we provide an x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) study for 100nm thick epitaxial magnetite (Fe3O4) films on MgO (001) and Al2O3 (0001) substrates. For XMCD, we recorded the surface sensitive total electron yield and the bulk sensitive transmission spectra. From the analysis of the XMCD data, we find an increased Fe spin moment (10% larger) at the surface of the film on MgO (100) with respect to the corresponding bulk value of the film. Surface and bulk spin moments of the film on Al2O3(0001) are almost equal. For both films, the bulk orbital to spin moments ratio increases from zero at 70K to 0.03–0.04 at 300K. For Fe3O4∕MgO (001), the surface orbital to spin moment ra…

chemistry.chemical_compoundMaterials scienceFerromagnetismchemistryX-ray magnetic circular dichroismMagnetic momentSpin polarizationCondensed matter physicsMagnetic circular dichroismGeneral Physics and AstronomyThin filmSpin (physics)MagnetiteJournal of Applied Physics
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Development of MR active contrast agents via Parahydrogen Induced Polarization

2009

Parahydrogen Induced Polarization provides dramatic MR signal enhancement that can be exploited for molecular imaging. This method allows amongst others for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of 13C and 15N, which is usually constrained by the low MR sensitivity of these nuclei. By combining hydrogenation of barbiturates with parahydrogen under special experimental conditions (PASADENA under pressure) with a polarization transfer sequence we demonstrate the transfer of the initial 1H polarization to 13C. The polarization transfer yields a signal increase for 13C of more than 1000. Hence, the role of certain target compounds such as anesthetics like the barbituric acid derivatives could be investiga…

chemistry.chemical_compoundNuclear magnetic resonanceBarbituric acidChemistryHexeneHexyneHyperpolarization (physics)Molecular imagingSpin isomers of hydrogenPolarization (waves)Induced polarization
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ChemInform Abstract: Observation of New Oscillatory Phenomena During the Electrochemical Anodization of Silicon.

2010

This paper reports the observation of large undamped voltage oscillations during the anodic polarization of silicon in electrol yte containing a combination of acids. One of them stimulates oxide growth and the other its chemical dissolution (in the present c ase, (0.01-0.1 M H3PO4) + (0.001- 0.01 M HF). This temporal patterning of the anodization process is shown to be due to the formation of a thin (50-90 nm) oxide layer at the sample surface and its subsequent lifting-off. The mechanism of oxide detachment i s thought to be an isotropic growth of micropores at the oxide/silicon interface triggered on by changes of electrochemical condi tions there.

chemistry.chemical_compoundSiliconchemistryChemical engineeringAnodizingIsotropyOxidechemistry.chemical_elementGeneral MedicinePolarization (electrochemistry)ElectrochemistryLayer (electronics)AnodeChemInform
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Revision of Na 2 A1Σ+u state molecular constants by polarization labeling spectroscopy

1997

ABSTRACT. This paper contains the analysis of the A1 of Na2 based on the data obtained from thepolarization labeling spectroscopy experiment on the A' —X' transition. A set of Dunham coefficients is derived, which describes the A state in the wide range of v and J 126) quantum numbers and reproduces the positions of unperturbed rotational lines in the A-X band system towithinO.1 cm'.1. INTRODUCTION.We report' new analysis of the A' state based on the data obtained from polarization labelingspectroscopy (PLS) experiment"2, based on V-type optical—optical double resonance scheme, on the 1 : ' ; band system of sodium dimer. The diatomic alkali molecules, with their simple electronic configurat…

chemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryDimerAnalytical chemistryMoleculeElectron configurationAtomic physicsQuantum numberSpectroscopyPolarization (waves)Alkali metalDiatomic moleculeSPIE Proceedings
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Optimized Continuous Application of Hyperpolarized Xenon to Liquids

2018

International audience; In recent years, NMR with hyperpolarized (HP) xenon inside functionalized host structures (e.g. cryptophanes) have become a potential candidate for the direct observation of metabolic processes (i.e. molecular imaging). A critical issue for real applications is the dissolution of the HP-gas in the liquid which contains the host. In this work, we present recent developments for an improved and controlled dissolution of HP-Xe in liquids using hollow fiber membranes and different compressor systems. The designed apparatus consists of a compressor and a membrane unit. The compressor provides HP-129 Xe continuously at small adjustable pressures and in a polarization-prese…

chemistry.chemical_elementhollow fiber membranes010402 general chemistryResidence time (fluid dynamics)01 natural sciencesCryptophane030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineXenonmagnetic resonance imaging[CHIM]Chemical SciencesPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryPolarization (electrochemistry)DissolutionAqueous solution129XeNMR0104 chemical sciences[CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistrynuclear magnetic resonanceMembranechemistryChemical physicscompressorGas compressortransfer
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Nonlinear beam self-cleaning in a coupled cavity composite laser based on multimode fiber

2017

International audience; We study a coupled cavity laser configuration where a passively Q-switched Nd:YAG microchip laser is combined with an extended cavity, including a doped multimode fiber. For appropriate coupling levels with the extended cavity, we observed that beam self-cleaning was induced in the multimode fiber thanks to nonlinear modal coupling, leading to a quasi-single mode laser output. In the regime of beam self-cleaning, laser pulse duration was reduced from 525 to 225 ps. We also observed a Q-switched mode-locked operation, where spatial self-cleaning was accompanied by far-detuned nonlinear frequency conversion in the active multimode fiber.

cleaning; fibers; multimode fibersMaterials sciencePhysics::OpticscleaningPolarization-maintaining optical fiberfibers01 natural sciencesGraded-index fiberlaw.inventionmultimode fibers010309 opticsOpticslawFiber laser0103 physical sciencesLaser power scaling010306 general physics[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics]Distributed feedback laser[ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics]Multi-mode optical fiberbusiness.industryLaserAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsPhysics::Accelerator PhysicsLaser beam qualitybusiness
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Upper limits on the isotropic gravitational-wave background from Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo's third observing run

2021

We report results of a search for an isotropic gravitational-wave background (GWB) using data from Advanced LIGO's and Advanced Virgo's third observing run (O3) combined with upper limits from the earlier O1 and O2 runs. Unlike in previous observing runs in the advanced detector era, we include Virgo in the search for the GWB. The results are consistent with uncorrelated noise, and therefore we place upper limits on the strength of the GWB. We find that the dimensionless energy density $\Omega_{\rm GW}\leq 5.8\times 10^{-9}$ at the 95% credible level for a flat (frequency-independent) GWB, using a prior which is uniform in the log of the strength of the GWB, with 99% of the sensitivity comi…

coalescencePhysics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)gravitation: modelAstronomypopulationAstrophysicspower spectrum01 natural sciencesGeneral Relativity and Quantum CosmologyPhysics Particles & FieldsGravitational wave backgroundbackground: magneticenergy: densitycorrelation functionLIGOQCPOPULATIONQBPhysicsSettore FIS/01education.field_of_studySpectral indexPhysicsstar-formation ratestatistical analysis: BayesianIsotropicSTAR-FORMATION RATE; BLACK-HOLE; MASS; COALESCENCE; POPULATION; EVOLUTION; RADIATION; PROSPECTSCOALESCENCEPhysical Sciences[PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc]LIGO; Virgo; isotropic gravitational-wave backgroundIsotropic gravitational wave backgrounds with LIGO and VirgoAstrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysicsgravitational radiation: polarizationdata analysis methodCosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)black-holePopulationFOS: Physical sciencesGravitational Waves LIGO Virgo Stochastic Background IsotropicGeneral Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)Astronomy & AstrophysicsMASSSTAR-FORMATION RATEBinary black holebinary: coalescence0103 physical sciencesevolutionddc:530SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy2ND010306 general physicseducationGravitational Waves/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/affordable_and_clean_energyScience & Technology010308 nuclear & particles physicsGravitational waveVirgogravitational radiation: backgroundSpectral densityprospectsbinary: compactnoise: magneticLIGOEVOLUTIONisotropic gravitational-wave backgroundBlack holeradiationdetector: sensitivityPROSPECTSVIRGOpolarization: scalarblack hole: binaryGravitation Cosmology AstrophysicsBLACK-HOLEpolarization: vectorRADIATIONmassStochastic BackgroundDewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
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