Search results for "Pollution"

showing 10 items of 2765 documents

Performance of a RED system with ammonium hydrogen carbonate solutions

2016

The use of closed-loop salinity gradient power (SGP) technologies has been recently presented as a viable option to generate power using low-grade heat, by coupling a SGP unit with a thermally-driven regeneration process in a closed loop where artificial solutions can be adopted for the conversion of heat into power. Among these, the closed-loop reverse electrodialysis (RED) process presents a number of advantages such as the direct production of electricity, the extreme flexibility in operating conditions and the recently demonstrated large potentials for industrial scale-up. Ammonium hydrogen carbonate (NH4HCO3) is a salt suitable for such closed-loop RED process thanks to its particular …

Settore ING-IND/26 - Teoria Dello Sviluppo Dei Processi ChimiciSettore ING-IND/25 - Impianti ChimiciMechanical engineeringSalt (chemistry)Ocean Engineering02 engineering and technology010501 environmental sciences7. Clean energy01 natural sciencesHeat-to-powerPhase (matter)Waste heatReversed electrodialysisReverse electrodialysiOsmotic powerSalinity gradient powerProcess engineeringAmmonium hydrogen carbonate0105 earth and related environmental sciencesWater Science and Technologychemistry.chemical_classificationSettore ING-IND/24 - Principi Di Ingegneria Chimicabusiness.industry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyPollution6. Clean waterPower (physics)Reverse Electrodialysis Salinity Gradient Power SGP heat engine Waste heat Ammonium hydrogen carbonateElectricity generationchemistryScientific method0210 nano-technologybusinessAmmonium hydrogen carbonate; Heat engine; Heat-to-power; Reverse electrodialysis; Salinity gradient powerHeat engine
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REAPOWER – USE OF DESALINATION BRINE FOR POWER PRODUCTION THROUGH REVERSE ELECTRODIALYSIS

2015

Salinity gradient power (SGP) represents a viable renewable energy source associated with the mixing of two solutions of different salinities. Reverse electrodialysis (SGP-RE or RED) is a promising technology to exploit this energy source and directly generate electricity. However, although the principle of this technology is well known since several years, further R&D efforts are still necessary in order to explore the real potential of the SGP-RE process. With this regard, the aim of the REAPower project ( [GRAPHICS] ) is the development of an innovative system for power production by SGP-RE process, using sea (or brackish) water as a diluted solution and brine as a concentrate. The use o…

Settore ING-IND/26 - Teoria Dello Sviluppo Dei Processi ChimiciSettore ING-IND/25 - Impianti ChimiciOcean Engineering02 engineering and technology7. Clean energyDesalinationSalinity Gradient Power Reverse Electrodialysimodelling020401 chemical engineeringReversed electrodialysision-exchange membraneOsmotic power0204 chemical engineeringWater Science and TechnologyseawaterBrackish waterbusiness.industryChemistryEnvironmental engineeringSalinity Gradient Power Reverse Electrodialysis; RED; ion-exchange membrane; modelling; seawater; brine.021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyREDPollutionbrine.6. Clean waterRenewable energybrineBrineElectricity0210 nano-technologybusinessEnergy source
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CFD analysis of the fluid flow behavior in a reverse electrodialysis stack

2012

Salinity Gradient Power by Reverse Electrodialysis (SGP-RE) technology allows the production of electricity from the different chemical potentials of two differently concentrated salty solutions flowing in alternate channels suitably separated by selective ion exchange membranes. In SGP-RE, as well as in conventional ElectroDialysis (ED) technology, the process performance dramatically depends on the stack geometry and the internal fluid dynamics conditions: optimizing the system geometry in order to guarantee lower pressure drops (DP) and uniform flow rates distribution within the channels is a topic of primary importance. Although literature studies on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) a…

Settore ING-IND/26 - Teoria Dello Sviluppo Dei Processi ChimiciSpacer-filled channelSettore ING-IND/25 - Impianti ChimiciOcean Engineering02 engineering and technology010501 environmental sciencesComputational fluid dynamics01 natural sciencesStack (abstract data type)Reversed electrodialysisFluid dynamicsOsmotic powerStack designPressure dropSettore ING-IND/19 - Impianti NucleariSimulation0105 earth and related environmental sciencesWater Science and Technologybusiness.industryChemistryModelingProcess (computing)MechanicsElectrodialysis021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyPollution6. Clean waterCFD; Modeling; Stack design; Pressure drops; Spacer-filled channelSettore ING-IND/06 - FluidodinamicaPotential flowCFD0210 nano-technologybusinessDesalination and Water Treatment
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Reverse electrodialysis with NH4HCO3-water systems for heat-to-power conversion

2017

Abstract A Reverse ElectroDialysis Heat Engine (REDHE) system operating with “thermolytic” ammonium hydrogen-carbonate (NH4HCO3) aqueous solutions as working fluids is studied. The engine is constituted by (i) a RED unit to produce electric power by mixing the solutions at different salinity and (ii) a thermally-driven regeneration unit including a stripping and an absorption column to restore the initial salinity gradient thus closing the cycle. In the present work only the RED unit and the stripping column are taken into account. In particular, a simplified integrated process model for the whole cycle was developed: it consists of (i) a lumped parameter model for the RED unit validated wi…

Settore ING-IND/26 - Teoria Dello Sviluppo Dei Processi ChimiciStripping (chemistry)Salinity gradient power (SGP)020209 energyAnalytical chemistry02 engineering and technology7. Clean energyThermolytic saltIndustrial and Manufacturing EngineeringWaste heat recovery unitReversed electrodialysisThermal0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringElectrical and Electronic EngineeringClosed-loop reverse electrodialysiWaste heat recoveryAmmonium hydrogen carbonateCivil and Structural EngineeringPower densityHeat engineWaste managementChemistryMechanical EngineeringAmmonium hydrogen carbonate; Closed-loop reverse electrodialysis; Reverse ElectroDialysis Heat Engine (REDHE); Salinity gradient power (SGP); Thermolytic salts; Waste heat recovery; Civil and Structural Engineering; Building and Construction; Pollution; Energy (all); Mechanical Engineering; Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering; Electrical and Electronic EngineeringBuilding and ConstructionElectrodialysis021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyPollution6. Clean waterEnergy (all)General EnergyReverse ElectroDialysis Heat Engine (REDHE)Electric power0210 nano-technology
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CFD prediction of scalar transport in thin channels for reverse electrodialysis

2014

Reverse ElectroDialysis (RED) is a very promising technology allowing the electrochemical potential difference of a salinity gradient to be directly converted into electric energy. The fluid dynamics optimization of the thin channels used in RED is still an open problem. The present preliminary work focuses on the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation of the flow and concentration fields in these channels. In particular three different configurations were investigated: a channel unprovided with a spacer (empty channel) and two channels filled with spacers, one made of overlapped filaments the other of woven filaments. The transport of two passive scalars, representative of the ions …

Settore ING-IND/26 - Teoria Dello Sviluppo Dei Processi Chimicibusiness.industryChemistrySettore ING-IND/25 - Impianti ChimiciScalar (mathematics)Ocean EngineeringMechanicsCFD Salinity Gradient Power renewable energy Reverse Electro Dialysis water electric energy spacer woven polarization concentration concentration boundary layer.Computational fluid dynamicsElectrodialysisPollutionReversed electrodialysisFluid dynamicsOsmotic powerElectronic engineeringSettore ING-IND/06 - FluidodinamicaPeriodic boundary conditionsbusinessWater Science and TechnologyConcentration polarization
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Reactive crystallisation process for magnesium recovery from concentrated brines

2014

Seawater brines, generated either by natural or anthropic processes, often cause significant environmental issues related to their disposal. A clear example is the case of brines from desalination plants, which can have severe environmental impacts on the receiving water body. On the other side, brines can represent a rich and appealing source of raw materials, especially when they are very concentrated, as it happens with bitterns (i.e. exhausted brines) produced in saltworks. In particular, magnesium concentration can reach values up to 30-40 kg/m3 of brine, which is 20-30 times that of typical seawater. An experimental campaign has been carried out in the present work for assessing the p…

Settore ING-IND/26 - Teoria Dello Sviluppo Dei Processi Chimicireactive crystallisationMagnesiumSettore ING-IND/25 - Impianti ChimiciEnvironmental engineeringchemistry.chemical_elementMineralogyOcean EngineeringsaltworkRaw materialBrine disposalBrine disposal; Magnesium; minerals recovery; saltworks; reactive crystallisationPollutionDesalinationminerals recoveryBrinechemistryScientific methodEnvironmental scienceWater treatmentSeawaterMagnesiumPrecipitationWater Science and Technology
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CO2 reduction exploiting RES for EV charging

2017

The world is facing an urgent need to reduce emissions, limiting pollution for a better quality of life. This objective has to be reached by all cities and governments worldwide. This paper focuses on the field of transportation, which is greatly responsible for air pollution, mainly in cities and urban areas such as towns, airports and seaports. The diffusion of electric vehicles (EVs) enables a significant reduction of air pollutants emitted by combustion engines; however, their recharge can affect the total pollution by their increasing energy demand. A solution is the use of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) to charge EVs. This paper analyzes the feasibility of integrating EVs and RES, foc…

Settore ING-IND/33 - Sistemi Elettrici Per L'EnergiaSettore ING-IND/31 - ElettrotecnicaAir pollution; Citizen; Electric vehicles; Environmental; Renewable energy sources; Energy Engineering and Power Technology; Renewable Energy Sustainability and the EnvironmentElectric vehiclesSustainability and the EnvironmentAir pollutionEnergy Engineering and Power TechnologyRenewable EnergyCitizenElectric vehicleSettore ING-IND/32 - Convertitori Macchine E Azionamenti ElettriciRenewable energy sourcesEnvironmental
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A mobile application for assessment of air pollution exposure

2013

In this paper the architecture of a mobile air quality monitoring system is introduced. A mobile application will act as a personal assistant, monitoring and giving advices about gas pollutants daily exposure. Currently in development stage as part of a larger air quality monitoring system project, the application will enable users to monitor their daily exposure to gas pollutants by combining user location data and urban air quality information provided by the network of fixed monitoring stations of the city of Palermo.

Settore ING-INF/05 - Sistemi Di Elaborazione Delle Informazioniair pollution exposure assessment smartphone application people tracking
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Cardiovascular effects of occupational exposure to urban airborne pollution on a group of newsagents in the city of Palermo

2014

Aims: To verify the possible correlation between exposure to airborne particulate matter the average size less than 10 μm (PM 10) of a group of newsagents working in kiosks in Palermo and evidence of carotid intimal thickening. Materials and methods: data were collected relating to environmental monitoring of airborne pollutants. We have selected a sample of newsagents, who were submitted to some clinical investigations, including the carotid echo-color doppler examination. Results: The results show no correlation between the location of the kiosks, and the presence of intimal thickening. Conclusion: Exposition to urban pollutants in Palermo is likely homogenous in the different areas and c…

Settore MED/44 - Medicina Del LavoroAir pollution arterial intimal thickening particulate air matter PM10 cardiovascular diseases.
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A DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT APPROACH TO ASSESS HOW DECENTRALISATION POLICIES MAY REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION FROM MINES IN ZAMBIA

The economics of pollution in general and pollution control in particular is a relatively new branch of economic science. This has brought about economic and social interest due to the fact that most of the pollution is caused by economic activity such as mining. Pollution from mining has become a world-wide problem. While environmental problems vary in detail, it is a fact that mining emits damaging pollutants, a reason this study was undertaken. As a result of this, threats to the environment and human health continue to escalate. This research aimed at investigating how a Dynamic Performance Management approach, through System Dynamics, may support policy-makers and public managers in im…

Settore SECS-P/07 - Economia AziendaleDECENTRALISATION ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION MINES ZAMBIA Dynamic Performance management
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