Search results for "Potassium"
showing 10 items of 930 documents
Effects of high-dose furosemide and small-volume hypertonic saline solution infusion in comparison with a high dose of furosemide as a bolus, in refr…
2000
Background: Diuretics, have been accepted as first-line treatment in refractory heart failure, but a lack of response is a frequent event. A randomised single blind study was performed to evaluate the effects of the combination of high-dose furosemide and small-volume hypertonic saline solution (HSS) infusion in the treatment of refractory NYHA class IV congestive heart failure (CHF). Materials and methods: Sixty patients (21 F/39 M) with refractory CHF (NYHA class IV) of different etiologies, unresponsive to high oral doses of furosemide, ACE-inhibitors, digitalis, and nitrates, aged 65–90 years, were enrolled. They had to have an ejection fraction (EF) < 35%, serum creatinine < 2 mg/dl, B…
Drug-induced variations of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in rats. I. Diuretics.
1977
Summary Groups of 10 rats were treated with diuretics (furosemide, hydrochlorotiazide, spironolactone, triamterene) under conditions of high or low plasma renin activity (PRA) brought about by administering distilled water or saline load, respectively. PRA, plasma aldosterone levels, urine aldosterone concentration as well as diuresis and Na+ and K+ excretion were
Bioimpedance phase angle indicates catabolism in Type 2 diabetes
2015
Aims Body cell mass is directly proportional to the bioimpedance phase-angle which is an indicator of the amount of electrical charge that cell membranes can hold and is an index of cellular health and function. To evaluate whether the bioimpedance phase angle is relevant for indicating catabolism in people with diabetes and whether it discriminates between people with diabetes receiving different types of therapy. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 182 people with Type 2 diabetes and 107 age- and BMI-matched control subjects. The phase angle was measured at 5, 50 and 100 kHz using multifrequency bioimpedance analysis. The phase angles were compared among different diabetes th…
Elevation of plasma viscosity induces sustained NO-mediated dilation in the hamster cremaster microcirculation in vivo
1997
We studied whether a flow-independent increase of luminal wall shear stress (WSS) could dilate hamster arterioles in vivo and which endothelial mediators are potentially involved. To this end the plasma viscosity was elevated by exchanging blood for dextran-erythrocyte solution thereby augmenting WSS. Diameters of small and large arterioles as well as red blood cell velocities were measured before and after exchange of blood for solutions of identical haematocrit containing either high- (HMWD) or low-molecular weight dextran (LMWD). The potential role of endothelial autacoids was investigated by local application of the NO-synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), the inhibitor of cyc…
Effects of low temperature and pharmacological interventions on the responses of the isolated guinea-pig trachea
1992
Cooling the guinea-pig isolated trachea from 37°C to 20°C virtually abolished the response to CaCl2 (in K+-depolarized tissues) and depressed that to histamine (about 75% reduction), KCl and 5-hydroxytryptamine (around 50% inhibition) while the response to acetylcholine remained unaffected. A further cooling to 10°C was necessary to inhibit acetylcholine-induced contractions. Hyporesponsiveness to spasmogens by cooling was not associated with subsensitivity (increased EC50) except for 5-hydroxytryptamine. Contractile responses to KCl (50 mmol/l), histamine (1 mmol/l) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (0.1 mmol/l) in a Ca2+-free EGTA (0.1 mmol/l)-containing solution were inhibited by cooling to 20°C b…
Non-specific Hyperreactivity to Pharmacological Stimuli in Tracheal and Lung Parenchymal Strips of Actively Sensitized Guinea-pigs
1989
Abstract The responsiveness of tracheal and lung parenchymal strips isolated from actively sensitized guinea-pigs to CaCl2 (in K+-depolarized tissue), KCl, acetylcholine and histamine was compared with that of strips from unsensitized animals. The concentration-response curves to the mentioned agonists exhibited, in the sensitized group, a left upward displacement (greater maximal effect, lesser effective concentration 50% and a steeper slope) compared with those obtained in the unsensitized group. These results indicate the existence of a non-specific increase in responsiveness in the airway smooth muscle from sensitized animals.
Long-term mortality and trajectory of potassium measurements following an episode of acute severe hyperkalaemia.
2021
Abstract Background Hyperkalaemia is a common condition in patients with comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) or congestive heart failure (HF). Moreover, severe hyperkalaemia is a potentially life-threatening condition that is associated with a higher risk of adverse clinical events such as ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Currently, data regarding the prognostic implications of chronic hyperkalaemia are available; however, information about the long-term clinical consequences after an episode of severe hyperkalaemia remains scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the trajectory of potassium measurements in patients with acu…
Evidence for the neuronal origin of immunoreactive interleukin-1 beta released by rat hypothalamic explants.
1996
In this study, we have investigated the release of immunoreactive interleukin-1 beta (irIL-1 beta) from the rat hypothalamus in vitro. It was found that (1) tissue explants release sizable amounts of irIL-1 beta (ranging from 0.43 to 0.52 pg/mg of wet tissue) in 20 min incubations; (2) basal release in significantly increased by depolarization induced with 56 mM KCl; (3) K(+)-induced irIL-1 beta release is inhibited by the specific blocker of N-type calcium channels, omega-conotoxin, and by verapamil, but not by nifedipine; (4) K(+)-induced release is also inhibited by the Na+ channel blockers tetrodotoxin and lidocaine; (5) irIL-1 beta release is significantly increased by noradrenalin; su…
The importance of potassium citrate and potassium bicarbonate in the treatment of uric acid renal stones
2017
Uric acid calculi can also be treated without surgery, with simple medical lytic therapy. After appropriate dietary adjustments and add of mineral water, the needed amount of alkali supplementation can increase pH values of the urine in order to dissolve the stones. Treatment should be prolonged to prevent stone recurrence. A case of bilateral renal uric acid stones that were successfully treated by alakalizing treatment was presented.
A homeostatic mechanism counteracting K+-evoked choline release in adult brain
2002
Choline (Ch) is an essential nutrient as the biosynthetic precursor of acetylcholine (ACh) and phospholipids. Under resting conditions, the intracellular accumulation of Ch (above 10-fold), which is positively charged, is governed by the membrane potential and follows the Nernst equation. Accordingly, in synaptosomes from adult rats during depolarization, we observed a linear relationship between release of free cytoplasmic Ch and KCl concentration (2.7-120 mm). The K(+) -evoked Ch release was Ca(2+) -independent and did not originate from ACh or phospholipid hydrolysis. In superfused brain slices of adult rats, however, a K(+) -induced Ch efflux was absent. Also, under in vivo conditions, …