Search results for "Predictive biomarker"

The Role of Mathematical Models in Immuno-Oncology: Challenges and Future Perspectives

2021

Immuno-oncology (IO) focuses on the ability of the immune system to detect and eliminate cancer cells. Since the approval of the first immune checkpoint inhibitor, immunotherapies have become a major player in oncology treatment and, in 2021, represented the highest number of approved drugs in the field. In spite of this, there is still a fraction of patients that do not respond to these therapies and develop resistance mechanisms. In this sense, mathematical models offer an opportunity to identify predictive biomarkers, optimal dosing schedules and rational combinations to maximize clinical response. This work aims to outline the main therapeutic targets in IO and to provide a description …

Liquid Biopsy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

2017

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. To date, the gold standard for the molecular analysis of a patient affected by NSCLC is the tissue biopsy. The discovery of activating mutations and rearrangements in specific genes has revolutionized the therapeutic approaches of lung cancer over the last years. For this reason, a strict “molecular follow-up” is mandatory to evaluate patient’s disease evolution. Indeed, liquid biopsy has raised as the “new ambrosia of researchers” as it could help clinicians to identify both prognostic and predictive biomarkers in a more accessible way. Liquid biopsy analysis can be used in different moments starting from diagnosis to relapse, ea…

Exosomes as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers in lung cancer

2017

The concept of exosomes has evolved from be considered garbage bags to the demonstration that exosomes could play very interesting roles and functions, from biomarkers detection to the potential of work as drug delivery systems. It has been widely proved that exosomes can contain key molecules important for the tumour development. The current review summarizes the latest investigations developed in the field of predictive exosomal biomarkers. The microRNAs (miRNAs) are the more known molecules due to their amount inside the exosomes and the sensitivity of the techniques available for their study. However, exosomal proteins, RNA and DNA are becoming an interesting and more feasible field of …

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as predictive biomarker in NSCLC patients treated with Nivolumab

2017

Nivolumab is a programmed death-1 (PD-1)inhibitor recently approved for the treatment of NSCLC patients who failed prior chemotherapy. Searching for predictive biomarkers of immunotherapy efficacy is an area of intensive investigation for translational research. Monitoring circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) during nivolumab treatment could help clinicians to predict the immunotherapy efficacy and ultimately improve the management of patients

Predictive biomarkers for complicated acute appendicitis: A prospective Ecuadorian study.

2020

The aim of the study was to determine the usefulness of known biomarkers as pre-operative predictors of complicated acute appendicitis (CAA) and perforated appendicitis (PA).This was an observational, analytic, cross-sectional, and prospective study at Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo (August 2016-December 2017). Evaluated biomarkers: white blood cells count, neutrophil percentage (N%), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, glucose, total bilirubin, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin (PCT). The statistical analysis was performed by means of the area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curve estimation. Biomarkers' cutoff point was identified using Youden's index. Sensitivity, …

A novel predictive biomarker of immunotherapy response in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC): The lymphocyte microRNA expression profile.

2019

e16109 Background: Predicting which patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) will benefit from immune checkpoints inhibitors (ICPIs) still remain an issue. Biological factors particular to certain individuals have a clear effect on variation in response. Emerging evidence suggests that small non-coding RNA, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), are critical modulators of numerous cellular processes, including immune surveillance. The main aim of this study was to analyze the lymphocyte miRNA expression profile in mRCC patients and dynamic changes after the treatment with ICPI, in order to investigate the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in ICPI response and their poten…

Prädiktive Biomarker beim ER+/HER2 - Mammakarzinom - Diskrepanz zwischen S3-Leitlinie, AGO-Empfehlung und St.-Gallen-Expertenmeinung

2013

Auch fur die Behandlung von Brustkrebs bilden Leitlinien und Expertenkonsensus eine unverzichtbare Basis fur eine evidenzbasierte Auswahl der Therapie. In Deutschland sind dies unter anderem die S3-Leitlinie der Deutschen Krebsgesellschaft, die Leitlinien der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynakologische Onkologie und der Expertenkonsensus von St. Gallen. Durch sie wurden einheitliche Behandlungsstrategien erreicht und so wesentliche Fortschritte bei der Behandlung des Mammakarzinoms mit ermoglicht. Fur die Entscheidung, ob Patientinnen mit einem luminalen Mammakarzinom der mittleren Risikogruppe mit einer chemo-endokrinen Therapie behandelt werden sollten oder ob eine einfache Hormontherapie ausreich…

DNA and neutral lipid contents of peripheral cells as predictive biomarkers of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: Highlights on the i…

2014

Into the wild of long non-coding RNA in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) to explore new prognostic/predictive biomarkers

2015

Background: Long Non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are emerging as essential regulators of genetic and epigenetic networks, and their deregulation may underlie complex diseases, such as carcinogenesis. Several studies have described lncRNAs alterations in patients with solid tumors. In particular, in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST), upregulation of HOTAIR has been associated with aggressiveness, metastasis, and poor patients’ survival. In order to gain more detailed insight on the molecular role of lncRNAs in GIST, we analyzed in vivo the expression levels of lncRNAs H19 and MALAT1 in surgically resected patients. Material and Methods: The expression of the lnc-RNAs H19 and MALAT1 was evaluat…

Tumor mutational burden on cytological samples: A pilot study.

2020

Background Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent an important treatment option for patients who have advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Currently, evaluation of the expression level of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has proven highly successful as a positive predictive biomarker for ICIs. In addition to PD-L1, other promising predictive biomarkers are emerging, including high tumor mutational burden (TMB-H). However, measuring TMB-H remains challenging for several reasons, among which is the difficulty in obtaining adequate tissue material from NSCLC patients. There are no data in the current literature regarding the possibility of adopting cell blocks (CBs) for T…