Search results for "Preference"
showing 10 items of 819 documents
Is money where the fun ends? Material interests and individuals’ preference for direct democracy
2020
Abstract Are people’s attitudes towards referendums as a decision-making procedure predominantly driven by their material self-interest, or do individuals also value direct democracy as such, regardless of the material payoffs associated with anticipated policy outcomes? To answer this question, we use a survey data set that offers information on respondents’ support for referendums as a procedure to decide on tax policy, their income levels, socio-economic characteristics, and, most importantly, their expectation about the majority’s support for higher taxes. We find that the support of low-income individuals for referendums increases substantially if they expect a clear population majorit…
Le paysage, entre esthétique & écologie : modélisation rétrospective à partir de changements d'occupation du sol
2016
Landscape is both a backdrop to the lives of human populations and a medium for the life cycle of animal species. Landscape changes induced by land-use and land-cover dynamics affect both these dimensions, the one aesthetic, and the other ecological. Because these rationales areusually studied within different disciplines, little research has been done into how the two clashor combine as and when landscape structures change. This work seeks therefore to model the spatial co-evolution of the aesthetic and ecological functions of landscape retrospectively usingspatial metrics based on land-cover data. It focuses on changes in the urban fringes of two French cities (Paris and Besançon) over th…
Task-based visual analytics for interactive multiobjective optimization
2020
We study how visual interaction techniques considered in visual analytics can be utilized when implementing interactive multiobjective optimization methods, where a decision maker iteratively participates in the solution process. We want to benefit from previous research and avoid re-inventing ideas. Our aim is to widen awareness and increase the applicability of interactive methods for solving real-world problems. As a concrete approach, we introduce seven high-level tasks that are relevant for interactive methods. These high-level tasks are based on low-level tasks proposed in the visual analytics literature. In addition, we give an example on how the high-level tasks can be implemented a…
Agent assisted interactive algorithm for computationally demanding multiobjective optimization problems
2015
Abstract We generalize the applicability of interactive methods for solving computationally demanding, that is, time-consuming, multiobjective optimization problems. For this purpose we propose a new agent assisted interactive algorithm. It employs a computationally inexpensive surrogate problem and four different agents that intelligently update the surrogate based on the preferences specified by a decision maker. In this way, we decrease the waiting times imposed on the decision maker during the interactive solution process and at the same time decrease the amount of preference information expected from the decision maker. The agent assisted algorithm is not specific to any interactive me…
Factors affecting consumer preferences for “natural wine”: An exploratory study in the Italian market
2020
PurposeThe aim of this study is to understand which wine quality characteristics, consumers' attitudes and socio-demographic characteristics affect the consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) a premium price for a bottle of natural wine.Design/methodology/approachThe research is experimental and investigated the purchasing intentions of 613 Italian wine consumers within a hypothetical setting. In order to elicit WTP for natural wine, a multiple price list (MPL) in a comparison with one bottle of conventional wine, with an average price of €5 was adopted. To understand which quality attributes of wine affect the consumers' WTP for natural wine, a Tobit regression model was implemented.FindingsTh…
Did the three little pigs frighten the wolf? How deaf readers use lexical and syntactic cues to comprehend sentences
2020
Abstract Background The ways in which students with deafness process syntactic and semantic cues while reading sentences are unclear. While some studies have supported the preference for semantic cues, others have not. Aim To examine differences in the processing of syntactic versus semantic cues during sentence reading among students who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH). Method Twenty DHH students (mean age = 12.48 years) and 20 chronologically age-matched students with typical hearing (TH) were asked to read sentences written in Spanish with different grammatical structures and to choose the picture that best matched the sentences’ meaning while their eye movements were being registered.…
Integrating user preference to similarity queries over medical images datasets
2010
International audience; Large amounts of images from medical exams are being stored in databases, so developing retrieval techniques is an important research problem. Retrieval based on the image visual content is usually better than using textual descriptions, as they seldom gives every nuances that the user may be interested in. Content-based image retrieval employs the similarity among images for retrieval. However, similarity is evaluated using numeric methods, and they often orders the images by similarity in a way rather distinct from the user's intention. In this paper, we propose a technique to allow expressing the user's preference over attributes associated to the images, so simil…
De la théorie des sous-ensembles flous aux probabilités non-additives : 36 remarques
1992
Depuis l’article initial "Fuzzy Sets", de L.A. Zadeh, en 1965, dans Information and Control, nombreux et variés furent les domaines d’application de la théorie des sous-ensembles flous ( linguistique, intelligence artificielle, biologie.. ). En ce qui concerne la science économique, l’influence de cette nouvelle théorie mathématique - dont on devrait dire qu’elle constitue essentiellement une généralisation au sens d’une "théorie générale” qui acceptecomme cas limite l’approche standard - s’est uniformément répartie par delà les domaines traditionnels de l’analyse micro-économique2 : théorie des préférences, agrégation des préférences, théorie des jeux, théorie de la valeur, recherche opéra…
Fatty-acid preference changes during development in Drosophila melanogaster.
2011
WOS:000296521400044; International audience; Fatty-acids (FAs) are required in the diet of many animals throughout their life. However, the mechanisms involved in the perception of and preferences for dietary saturated and unsaturated FAs (SFAs and UFAs, respectively) remain poorly explored, especially in insects. Using the model species Drosophila melanogaster, we measured the responses of wild-type larvae and adults to pure SFAs (14, 16, and 18 carbons) and UFAs (C18 with 1, 2, or 3 double-bonds). Individual and group behavioral tests revealed different preferences in larvae and adults. Larvae preferred UFAs whereas SFAs tended to induce both a strong aversion and a persistent aggregation…
Les effets de l'éducation sensorielle sur les préférences et les comportements alimentaires des enfants
2010
National audience; Ce dossier réalisé en partenariat avec le Centre européen des produits de l’enfant traite de la responsabilité éducative des adultes et de l’éducation de l’enfant futur citoyen consommateur.Il consacre une large place à la mise en place des politiques et des pratiques existantes dans plusieurs pays d’Europe et au Canada. Son ambition est de participer aux débats d’idées et de donner des repères sur les enjeux que représentent pour l’avenir de l’humanité, l’éducation et la consommation. Ce dossier est coordonné par Valérie-Inès de La Ville Professeur de Sciences de Gestion, Directrice Centre Européen des Produits de l’Enfant et Christian Gautellier Directeur des publicatio…