Search results for "Probability."

showing 10 items of 3396 documents

Codimension and colength sequences of algebras and growth phenomena

2015

We consider non necessarily associative algebras over a field of characteristic zero and their polynomial identities. Here we describe some of the results obtained in recent years on the sequence of codimensions and the sequence of colengths of an algebra.

Discrete mathematicsPolynomialPure mathematicsSequenceMathematics::Commutative AlgebraGeneral Mathematics010102 general mathematicsZero (complex analysis)Field (mathematics)Codimension01 natural sciences010101 applied mathematicsSettore MAT/02 - AlgebraComputational Theory and Mathematics0101 mathematicsStatistics Probability and UncertaintyVariety (universal algebra)Algebra over a fieldPolynomial identities Variety Almost nilpotent Codimension.Associative propertyMathematicsSão Paulo Journal of Mathematical Sciences
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On algebras of polynomial codimension growth

2016

Let A be an associative algebra over a field F of characteristic zero and let $$c_n(A), n=1, 2, \ldots $$ , be the sequence of codimensions of A. It is well-known that $$c_n(A), n=1, 2, \ldots $$ , cannot have intermediate growth, i.e., either is polynomially bounded or grows exponentially. Here we present some results on algebras whose sequence of codimensions is polynomially bounded.

Discrete mathematicsPolynomialSequenceMathematics::Commutative AlgebraGeneral Mathematics010102 general mathematicsZero (complex analysis)Field (mathematics)Codimension01 natural sciencesSettore MAT/02 - AlgebraComputational Theory and MathematicsBounded function0103 physical sciencesAssociative algebraPolynomial identities Codimensions Codimension growth010307 mathematical physics0101 mathematicsStatistics Probability and UncertaintyMathematicsSão Paulo Journal of Mathematical Sciences
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Quantum extensions of semigroups generated by Bessel processes

1996

We construct a quantum extension of the Markov semigroup of the classical Bessel process of orderv≥1 to the noncommutative von Neumann algebra s(L2(0, +∞)) of bounded operators onL2(0, +∞).

Discrete mathematicsPure mathematicsBessel processMathematics::Operator AlgebrasSemigroupGeneral MathematicsNoncommutative geometryQuantum dynamical semigroupsymbols.namesakeQuantum probabilityVon Neumann algebraBounded functionsymbolsBessel functionMathematicsMathematical Notes
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On a multiplication and a theory of integration for belief and plausibility functions

1987

Abstract Belief and plausibility functions have been introduced as generalizations of probability measures, which abandon the axiom of additivity. It turns out that elementwise multiplication is a binary operation on the set of belief functions. If the set functions of the type considered here are defined on a locally compact and separable space X , a theorem by Choquet ensures that they can be represented by a probability measure on the space containing the closed subsets of X , the so-called basic probability assignment. This is basic for defining two new types of integrals. One of them may be used to measure the degree of non-additivity of the belief or plausibility function. The other o…

Discrete mathematicsPure mathematicsFuzzy measure theoryApplied MathematicsLebesgue integrationMeasure (mathematics)symbols.namesakeChoquet integralSet functionBinary operationsymbolsLocally compact spaceAnalysisMathematicsProbability measureJournal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications
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Stochastic differential equations with coefficients in Sobolev spaces

2010

We consider It\^o SDE $\d X_t=\sum_{j=1}^m A_j(X_t) \d w_t^j + A_0(X_t) \d t$ on $\R^d$. The diffusion coefficients $A_1,..., A_m$ are supposed to be in the Sobolev space $W_\text{loc}^{1,p} (\R^d)$ with $p>d$, and to have linear growth; for the drift coefficient $A_0$, we consider two cases: (i) $A_0$ is continuous whose distributional divergence $\delta(A_0)$ w.r.t. the Gaussian measure $\gamma_d$ exists, (ii) $A_0$ has the Sobolev regularity $W_\text{loc}^{1,p'}$ for some $p'>1$. Assume $\int_{\R^d} \exp\big[\lambda_0\bigl(|\delta(A_0)| + \sum_{j=1}^m (|\delta(A_j)|^2 +|\nabla A_j|^2)\bigr)\big] \d\gamma_d0$, in the case (i), if the pathwise uniqueness of solutions holds, then the push-f…

Discrete mathematicsPure mathematicsOrnstein–Uhlenbeck semigroupLebesgue measureSobolev space coefficientsProbability (math.PR)Density60H10 (Primary) 34F05 (Secondary) 60J60 37C10Density estimatePathwise uniquenessGaussian measureLipschitz continuitySobolev spaceStochastic differential equationStochastic flowsGaussian measureBounded functionFOS: Mathematics: Mathematics [G03] [Physical chemical mathematical & earth Sciences]Vector fieldUniqueness: Mathématiques [G03] [Physique chimie mathématiques & sciences de la terre]AnalysisMathematics - ProbabilityMathematics
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Quadratic variation of martingales in Riesz spaces

2014

We derive quadratic variation inequalities for discrete-time martingales, sub- and supermartingales in the measure-free setting of Riesz spaces. Our main result is a Riesz space analogue of Austinʼs sample function theorem, on convergence of the quadratic variation processes of martingales http://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-mathematical-analysis-and-applications/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2013.08.037 National Research Foundation of South Africa (Grant specific unique reference number (UID) 85672) and by GNAMPA of Italy (U 2012/000574 20/07/2012 and U 2012/000388 09/05/2012)

Discrete mathematicsPure mathematicsRiesz potentialRiesz representation theoremApplied MathematicsmartingaleRiesz spaceRiesz spacevector latticeQuadratic variationquadratic variationM. Riesz extension theoremSettore MAT/05 - Analisi MatematicaAustin’s theorem Martingale Measure-free stochastic processes Quadratic variation Riesz space Vector latticemeasure-free stochastic processesAustinʼs theoremMartingale (probability theory)AnalysisMathematics
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Maximal regularity for Kolmogorov operators in L2 spaces with respect to invariant measures

2006

Abstract We prove an optimal embedding result for the domains of Kolmogorov (or degenerate hypoelliptic Ornstein–Uhlenbeck) operators in L 2 spaces with respect to invariant measures. We use an interpolation method together with optimal L 2 estimates for the space derivatives of T ( t ) f near t = 0 , where T ( t ) is the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck semigroup and f is any function in L 2 .

Discrete mathematicsPure mathematicsSemigroupApplied MathematicsGeneral MathematicsDegenerate energy levelsInvariant measureMathematics::ProbabilityDegenerate Ornstein–Uhlenbeck operatorHypoellipticityHypoelliptic operatorEmbeddingMaximal regularityInvariant (mathematics)MathematicsJournal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées
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Context Trees, Variable Length Markov Chains and Dynamical Sources

2012

Infinite random sequences of letters can be viewed as stochastic chains or as strings produced by a source, in the sense of information theory. The relationship between Variable Length Markov Chains (VLMC) and probabilistic dynamical sources is studied. We establish a probabilistic frame for context trees and VLMC and we prove that any VLMC is a dynamical source for which we explicitly build the mapping. On two examples, the "comb" and the "bamboo blossom", we find a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence and the uniqueness of a stationary probability measure for the VLMC. These two examples are detailed in order to provide the associated Dirichlet series as well as the genera…

Discrete mathematicsPure mathematicsStationary distributionMarkov chain010102 general mathematicsProbabilistic dynamical sourcesProbabilistic logicContext (language use)Information theoryVariable length Markov chains01 natural sciencesMeasure (mathematics)Occurrences of words[MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR]010104 statistics & probabilitysymbols.namesakesymbolsUniquenessDynamical systems of the intervalDirichlet series0101 mathematics[ MATH.MATH-PR ] Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR]Dirichlet seriesMathematics
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Generalized ``transition probability''

1975

An operationally meaningful symmetric function defined on pairs of states of an arbitrary physical system is constructed and is shown to coincide with the usual “transition probability” in the special case of systems admitting a quantum-mechanical description. It can be used to define a metric in the set of physical states. Conceivable applications to the analysis of certain aspects of Quantum Mechanics and to its possible modifications are mentioned.

Discrete mathematicsPure mathematicsTransition (fiction)Complex systemPhysical systemStatistical and Nonlinear PhysicsSymmetric functionSet (abstract data type)Probability amplitudeMetric (mathematics)Special case81.60Mathematical PhysicsMathematics
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Periodic and Chaotic Orbits of a Neuron Model

2015

In this paper we study a class of difference equations which describes a discrete version of a single neuron model. We consider a generalization of the original McCulloch-Pitts model that has two thresholds. Periodic orbits are investigated accordingly to the different range of parameters. For some parameters sufficient conditions for periodic orbits of arbitrary periods have been obtained. We conclude that there exist values of parameters such that the function in the model has chaotic orbits. Models with chaotic orbits are not predictable in long-term.

Discrete mathematicsQuantitative Biology::Neurons and CognitionGeneralizationMathematical analysisChaoticBiological neuron modelFunction (mathematics)stabilityDynamical systemStability (probability)dynamical systemModeling and Simulationiterative processRange (statistics)Orbit (dynamics)QA1-939chaotic mappingnonlinear problemAnalysisMathematicsMathematicsMathematical Modelling and Analysis
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