Search results for "Production"
showing 10 items of 7600 documents
Crop and density effects on weed beet growth and reproduction
2004
Summary Weed beet populations growing in each crop of the arable rotation could be a relay for the gene flow from adjacent transgenic herbicide-resistant sugarbeet. In this study, weed beet growth and reproduction were assessed under several conditions which could be found in the rotation: various weed beet densities (ranging from 1 to 120 plants m−2) and various crops (winter wheat, spring barley, spring pea, sugarbeet, maize, ryegrass). Measurements were carried out both on life-cycle dynamics (bolting time, time to flowering onset, dynamics of flower opening) and on other quantitative data (survival rate, bolting rate and pollen, flower and seed production). Increasing weed beet density …
Communal nesting in the garden dormouse (Eliomys quercinus)
2017
Communal nesting has been described in many rodents including some dormouse species. In this study, we report the existence of this reproductive strategy in the garden dormouse Eliomys quercinus. Data was recorded by checking natural nests and nest-boxes from 2003 to 2013 in SE Spain. Pups and adults dormice found in nests were captured and marked. Overall, 198 nests were found: 161 (81.31%) were singular nests and 37 (18.69%) were communal nests. Communal nests were composed by different combinations of one up to three females together with one up to three different size litters. The number of communal nests varied from year to year in accordance with the number of singular nests and no se…
An experimental heat wave changes immune defense and life history traits in a freshwater snail
2013
The predicted increase in frequency and severity of heat waves due to climate change is expected to alter disease dynamics by reducing hosts' ability to resist infections. This could take place via two different mechanisms: (1) through general reduction in hosts' performance under harsh environmental conditions and/or (2) through altered resource allocation that reduces expression of defense traits in order to maintain other traits. We tested these alternative hypotheses by measuring the effect of an experimental heat wave (25 vs. 15°C) on the constitutive level of immune defense (hemocyte concentration, phenoloxidase [PO]‐like activity, antibacterial activity of hemolymph), and life histor…
Analysis of Hemolymph Ecdysteroids in the Female Earwig: Labidura riparia
1991
International audience; The nature of hemolymph ecdysteroids was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-radioimmunoassay, during the two main phases of the reproductive cycles of Labidura riparia. 20-hydroxyecdysone and ecdysone were present together with polar and apoiar products.Changes in the ecdysone/20-hydroxyecdysone ratio were evidenced according to the ovarian development. During natural (feeding and sexual phase of the cycle) or induced ovarian development, an increase of the ratio occurred whereas, during ovarian rest (fasting and/or parental phase), a significant decrease was observed.Up to 40 days after ovariectomy, immunoreactive compounds were observed in the hemol…
Whistling is metabolically cheap for communicating bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
2020
Toothed whales depend on sound for communication and foraging, making them potentially vulnerable to acoustic masking from increasing anthropogenic noise. Masking effects may be ameliorated by higher amplitudes or rates of calling, but such acoustic compensation mechanisms may incur energetic costs if sound production is expensive. The costs of whistling in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) have been reported to be much higher (20-50% of resting metabolic rate, RMR) than theoretical predictions (0.5-1% of RMR). Here we address this dichotomy by measuring the change in the resting O2 consumption rate (V̇O2), a proxy for RMR, in three post-absorptive bottlenose dolphins during whistlin…
Effects of local forest continuity on the diversity of fungi on standing dead pines
2018
Human-induced fragmentation affects forest continuity, i.e. availability of a suitable habitat for the target species over a time period. The dependence of wood-inhabiting fungi on landscape level continuity has been well demonstrated, but the importance of local continuity has remained controversial. In this study, we explored the effects of local forest continuity (microhabitat and stand level) on the diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi on standing dead trunks of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). We studied species richness and community composition of decomposers and Micarea lichens on 70 trunks in 14 forests in central Finland that differed in their state of continuity. We used dendrochr…
European Union legislation on macroalgae products
2021
AbstractMacroalgae-based products are increasing in demand also in Europe. In the European Union, each category of macroalgae-based products is regulated separately. We discuss EU legislation, including the law on medicinal products, foods including food supplements and food additives, feed and feed additives, cosmetics, packaging materials, fertilizers and biostimulants, as well as biofuels. Product safety and consumer protection are the priorities with any new products. Macroalgae products can be sold as traditional herbal medicines. The novel food regulation applies to macroalgae foods that have not previously been used as food, and organic macroalgae are a specific regulatory category. …
Carbon emission along a eutrophication gradient in temperate riverine wetlands: effect of primary productivity and plant community composition
2016
International audience; 1. Eutrophication increases primary productivity and favours the predominance of floating vegetation in wetlands. Carbon (C) fluxes in wetlands are strongly driven by primary productivity and can differ by vegetation type. However, to the best of our knowledge, the role of eutrophication in C fluxes has rarely been assessed. 2. Consequently, we aimed to measure the seasonal variation in carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes at six aquatic sites in four temperate wetlands, ranging along a gradient of sediment total phosphorus content, and determine whether C fluxes correlate with above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) and plant community composition alon…
Food Quality, Sensory Attributes and Nutraceutical Value of Fresh “Osteen” Mango Fruit Grown under Mediterranean Subtropical Climate Compared to Impo…
2020
Mango is a fruit with a very short shelf-life due to its rapid ripeness after harvest
The Strategic Reference Gene: an organismal theory of inclusive fitness
2019
How to define and use the concept of inclusive fitness is a contentious topic in evolutionary theory. Inclusive fitness can be used to calculate selection on a focal gene, but it is also applied to whole organisms. Individuals are then predicted to appear designed as if to maximise their inclusive fitness, provided that certain conditions are met (formally when interactions between individuals are 'additive'). Here we argue that applying the concept of inclusive fitness to organisms is justified under far broader conditions than previously shown, but only if it is appropriately defined. Specifically, we propose that organisms should maximise the sum of their offspring (including any accrued…