Search results for "Psychological Phenomena and Processes"
showing 10 items of 710 documents
Spotlight on the Survival Processing Advantage': An FNIRS Study on Adaptive Memory
2015
International audience; In the present study, participants had to rate words for their relevance in an ancestral survival scenario (e.g., is bottle relevant in the fictious scenario of being stranded in the grasslands of a foreign land without basic supplies) and for their pleasantness (e.g., is bottle a pleasant word?). A distractor task lasting a few minutes followed and the participants were then tested on their recall of the words. We used fNIRS to bilaterally monitor the dorsolateral-prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, known to be involved in strategic encoding) during the processing of verbal material in these two deep encoding situations. At the behavioral level, we replicated the survival pro…
Body odors of newborns activate neuronal regions associated with reward in women
2010
abstract in symposium Cerebral Imaging in Taste and Olfaction; Olfactory signals are prime mediators of mother-infant bonding in. mammals, and they have been shown to be linked with maternal. attitudes and behavior in our own species as well. Human mothers. are indeed highly attentive to their infants odor cues, but although. we have good understanding of the neuronal network supporting. mother-infant olfactory recognition in various mammals, to date. no such information exists for humans. The present study is a first attempt at delineating the neural. network underlying the processing of infant odor properties by. women. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI),. we measured the …
Response to all after conditioning to parts of the whole: a case of configural perception in the newborn rabbit
2012
Coming from flowers, foods or conspecifics, odours are ubiquitous in our environment. Most of the time, perceived odours are the result of complex relationships between tens or more of odorants with our olfactory system. Two perceptual strategies are potentially engaged to perceive such chemically complex mixtures. The elemental mode allows the perception of each component's quality. Conversely, the configural mode supports the perception of a new odour in addition to, or in place of, the odours of the components (blending effect). In humans, it is usually considered that the prevalence of one mode on the other is due, in part, to mixture complexity. In the rabbit, previous results have sho…
The role of taste and odour in the control of food intake: Unconscious impact of odors on food choices
2015
Invitation à un workshop et non en plénière; The role of taste and odour in the control of food intake: Unconscious impact of odors on food choices. 11. Pangborn sensory science symposium
Perceptual interactions in odour mixtures: The blending effect
2011
The odour perceived from a mixture of odorants varies depending on several factors as the context, individual physiological abilities, experience… but also as the perceptual interactions occurring over the processing of odorant mixtures. Sometimes, these interactions which appear during odour information coding and processing, lead to synergy or masking of odour notes (1). In other occasions, they lead to a blending effect. Odour blending appears when a mixture is perceived as a unique odour different from the odour of its components (1, 2). This type of mixture is well known by perfumers and flavourists who daily construct and use it in an empirical fashion. Here, we conducted a series of …
Both the number and perceptual quality of odorants control configural processing of odor mixture in human adults
2014
Both the number and perceptual quality of odorants control configural processing of odor mixture in human adults. 36. annual meeting - association for chemoreception sciences (AChemS XXXVI)
Neural activation induced by an odour mixture perceived elementally or configurally by the newborn rabbit
2013
National audience; Perception of odours plays a crucial role in mammals facilitating interindividual communication, food choice and detection of danger, even from early in life (e.g. mother-young communication). However, little is known about the brain processing and perception of odorants in mixtures, which is by far the more common situation in life. To better understand how the brain processes odorants in mixtures, we used the newborn rabbit as a model. Rabbit pups display a clear sucking behaviour in response to the mammary pheromone (MP, the single molecule 2MB2) carried in the milk of lactating rabbit females. The MP also promotes associative conditioning and very rapid acquisition of…
Olfactory responses: attraction or avoidance of food odours in the first two years of life?
2012
National audience; Olfaction is a salient sensory modality early in life. Neonates show keen olfactory sensitivity and hedonic responsiveness. However, little is known on how olfactory responses develop over the first two years, especially in term of hedonics. Besides, olfaction plays an important role in the perception and appreciation of foods. Here, we aim to assess hedonic reactivity to food odours in the first two years of life in the context of a longitudinal study on the development of food preferences (OPALINE). Olfactory tests were conducted on 235 participants at 8, 12, 22 months. Scented and unscented bottles were presented successively and sequentially to them. The stimuli consi…
Increasing knowledge of odors and molecular structures linkages of smell compounds by comparing UMAP method to other classification approaches
2021
International audience; The olfactory perception begins at the olfactory epithelium level with the activation of olfactory receptors (ORs) by the binding of odorants1. The olfactory system can discriminate a huge number of odors that would reach 1 trillion2. Odor structure relationships in olfaction is a challenging area and a key element in understanding the olfactory system3-5. This study aims to highlight the relationships between the structure of smell compounds and their odors. For this purpose, 6038 odorant compounds and their known associated odors (162 odor notes) were compiled. We assessed four dimensional reduction techniques (PCA, MDS, t-SNE and UMAP6) and two clustering methods …
How odorant metabolizing enzymes shape odor perception?
2020
International audience; Lingering in the background of every odorant-receptor interaction is an odor metabolizing enzyme. Over the last several years, a fascinating set of studies in rodents, rabbits, insects and humans has demonstrated that these enzymes participate in the active biotransformation of odorous molecules within the perireceptor environment. These mechanisms may exert two unique effects: first, to maintain odor sensitivity by reducing receptor saturation, and second, to transform the local milieu of the odor components giving rise to unique odor percepts. This symposium will focus on the impact of odorant metabolizing enzymes (OMEs) on functional and behavioral aspects of olfa…