Search results for "Psychotic"

showing 10 items of 360 documents

Effects of risperidone on the acquisition and reinstatement of the conditioned place preference induced by MDMA

2013

Some users of 3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) abuse this drug and/or become concerned about their use. These individuals would benefit greatly from the development of pharmacological strategies to reduce MDMA consumption. We have previously observed that antipsychotics block acquisition and expression of the conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by MDMA, though they do not modify priming-induced reinstatement of MDMA-induced CPP after extinction. In the present study we have evaluated the capacity of the mixed serotonin (5-HT2A)/dopamine (DA D2) antagonist risperidone to block acquisition and reinstatement of MDMA induced-CPP. Adolescent male mice conditioned with…

MaleN-Methyl-34-methylenedioxyamphetamineEcstasyPharmacologyMiceRewardDopamineConditioning Psychologicalmental disordersmedicineAnimalsDrug InteractionsSerotonin Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsDopamine Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsRisperidoneDose-Response Relationship DrugGeneral NeuroscienceAge FactorsAntagonistMDMAExtinction (psychology)RisperidoneCorpus StriatumConditioned place preferenceAnimals NewbornHallucinogensSerotoninPsychologypsychological phenomena and processesAntipsychotic Agentsmedicine.drugBrain Research Bulletin
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NMDA-GABA interactions in an animal model of behaviour: a gating mechanism from motivation toward psychotic-like symptoms

1994

We studied the effects of desipramine, alprazolam, muscimol and dizocilpine (MK-801) (alone or associated with desipramine) in the forced swimming test in rats after long-lasting termination of chronic exposure to vehicle and pentylenetetrazol. Sensitisation with pentylenetetrazol was ineffective in changing immobility time in the forced swimming test compared to vehicle treatment; pentylenetetrazol enhanced the anti-immobility effect of desipramine, abolished the anti-immobility effect of alprazolam and did not affect the anti-immobility effect of muscimol. MK-801 at the dose that did not modify immobility time in vehicle-treated rats and in pentylenetetrazol-treated animals strongly poten…

MaleN-MethylaspartatePoison controlGatingMotor ActivityPharmacologybehavioral disciplines and activitieschemistry.chemical_compoundDesipramineKindling NeurologicmedicineAnimalsPharmacology (medical)Rats WistarPentylenetetrazolSwimminggamma-Aminobutyric AcidBiological PsychiatryPharmacologyMotivationAlprazolamBehavior AnimalMuscimolDesipramineRatsnervous system diseasesDizocilpineDisease Models AnimalPsychiatry and Mental healthPsychotic DisordersNeurologyAlprazolamMuscimolchemistryAnesthesiaPentylenetetrazoleNeurology (clinical)Dizocilpine MaleatePsychologymedicine.drugBehavioural despair testEuropean Neuropsychopharmacology
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Morphine potentiates the impairing effects of neuroleptics on two-way active conditioned avoidance response in male mice

2004

The dopaminergic and opioid systems have effects on the conditioned avoidance response (CAR), although the possible interaction between these systems on this behaviour has not been studied. The effects of morphine (12.6 mg/kg), haloperidol (0.075 mg/kg), sulpiride (20 mg/kg) and risperidone (0.1 mg/kg) alone as well as morphine combined with these dopamine (DA) antagonists on the acquisition and performance of the CAR were explored in mice. Morphine increased avoidances but this seemed secondary to a rise in activity levels. All DA antagonists impaired CAR in the acquisition phase but only haloperidol disrupted performance. The combination of morphine plus neuroleptics impaired acquisition …

MaleNarcoticsConditioning ClassicalPharmacologyAvoidance responseMiceEscape ReactionDopamineAvoidance LearningmedicineHaloperidolAnimalsBiological PsychiatryPharmacologyAnalysis of VarianceMice Inbred BALB CRisperidoneBehavior AnimalMorphinebusiness.industryDopaminergicDrug SynergismOpioidMorphineDopamine AntagonistsSulpiridebusinesshuman activitiesAntipsychotic Agentsmedicine.drugProgress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
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Effects of SCH 23390, Raclopride, and Haloperidol on Morphine Withdrawal-Induced Aggression in Male Mice

1999

Abstract RODRIGUEZ-ARIAS, M., J. PINAZO, J. MINARRO AND L. STINUS. Effects of SCH 23390, raclopride, and haloperidol on morphine withdrawal-induced aggression in male mice. PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BEHAV 64(1) 123–130, 1999.—Dopamine seems to play a very important role in aggressive behavior observed in morphine withdrawal. The effect of SCH 23390 (0.5 mg/kg), raclopride (0.3 mg/kg), and haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg) on morphine withdrawal-induced aggression has been studied in this work. Mice were rendered dependent by a daily injection of morphine (2.5 mg/kg) for 14 days. Three different experiments were carried out with the objective to evaluate the antiaggressive effect of the dopamine antagonists o…

MaleNarcoticsmedicine.medical_specialtyNarcotic AntagonistsClinical BiochemistryPharmacologyToxicologyBiochemistryMiceBehavioral Neurosciencechemistry.chemical_compoundDopamineInternal medicineSalicylamidesmedicineHaloperidolAnimalsSocial BehaviorBiological PsychiatryPharmacologyRacloprideSCH-23390MorphineNaloxonebusiness.industryDopaminergicAntagonistDopamine antagonistBenzazepinesSubstance Withdrawal SyndromeAggressionEndocrinologychemistryRacloprideMorphineDopamine AntagonistsHaloperidolbusinessAntipsychotic Agentsmedicine.drugPharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior
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Treatments used for obsessive-compulsive disorder-An international perspective.

2018

Objective The objective of this study was to characterise international trends in the use of psychotropic medication, psychological therapies, and novel therapies used to treat obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods Researchers in the field of OCD were invited to contribute summary statistics on the characteristics of their samples. Consistency of summary statistics across countries was evaluated. Results The study surveyed 19 expert centres from 15 countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, Germany, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States) providing a total sample of 7,340 participants. Fluoxetine (n = 972; 13…

MaleObsessive-Compulsive DisorderInternationalitymedicine.medical_treatmentDeep Brain StimulationSocial SciencesFluvoxamineBENZODIAZEPINASpharmacotherapyBenzodiazepines0302 clinical medicinePharmacology (medical)TERAPIA PSICOANALITICAPSICOFARMACOLOGIAantipsychotics; benzodiazepines; cross-cultural study; obsessive-compulsive disorder; pharmacotherapy; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitorsMiddle Aged3. Good healthExposure and response preventionantipsychotics; benzodiazepines; cross-cultural study; obsessive–compulsive disorder; pharmacotherapy; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitorsNeurologyPsychiatry and Mental HealthSerotonin Uptake Inhibitorscross-cultural studyAripiprazoleFemalebenzodiazepineSelective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitorsmedicine.drugPsychosurgeryAntipsychotic AgentsAdultmedicine.medical_specialty:Ciências da Saúde [Ciências Médicas]Ciências Médicas::Ciências da SaúdeSerotonin reuptake inhibitor03 medical and health sciencesANTIPSICOTICOSobsessive–compulsive disorderselective serotonin reuptake inhibitorsmedicinePSICOTROPICOSHumansAntipsychoticPsychiatryFARMACOTERAPIAFluoxetineRisperidoneantipsychotics; benzodiazepines; cross-cultural study; obsessive–compulsive disorder; pharmacotherapy; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; Neurology; Neurology (clinical); Psychiatry and Mental Health; Pharmacology (medical)Science & Technologyselective serotonin reuptake inhibitorbusiness.industryTRASTORNO OBSESIVO COMPULSIVO030227 psychiatryantipsychoticPsychosurgeryantipsychoticsNeurology (clinical)business030217 neurology & neurosurgerySEROTONINAHuman psychopharmacology
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Comparing Long-Acting Antipsychotic Discontinuation Rates Under Ordinary Clinical Circumstances: A Survival Analysis from an Observational, Pragmatic…

2021

Background Recent guidelines suggested a wider use of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAI) than previously, but naturalistic data on the consequences of LAI use in terms of discontinuation rates and associated factors are still sparse, making it hard for clinicians to be informed on plausible treatment courses. Objective Our objective was to assess, under real-world clinical circumstances, LAI discontinuation rates over a period of 12 months after a first prescription, reasons for discontinuation, and associated factors. Methods The STAR Network ‘Depot Study’ was a naturalistic, multicentre, observational prospective study that enrolled subjects initiating a LAI without restrictions …

MalePediatricsrespectively)0302 clinical medicineDelayed-Action PreparationBrief Psychiatric Rating ScalePharmacology (medical)he STAR Network ‘Depot Study’ prospectively followed 394 subjects initiating treatment with long-acting injections (LAIs) of antipsychotics under naturalistic conditions for 12 months. LAI discontinuation was frequent in everyday clinical practice in ItalyOriginal Research ArticleProspective StudiesProspective cohort studytreatmentMental DisordersHazard ratiowhereas more than half of participants initiating risperidone LAI and olanzapine LAI discontinued during the 12 months of follow-up (51.4 and 62.5%Psychiatric Status Rating ScaleMiddle Agedside efectsPsychiatry and Mental healthItalyMental DisorderFemalehe STAR Network ‘Depot Study’ prospectively followed 394 subjects initiating treatment with long-acting injections (LAIs) of antipsychotics under naturalistic conditions for 12 months. LAI discontinuation was frequent in everyday clinical practice in Italy occurring in almost 40% of the entire sample; side efects participant refusal to continue LAIs and LAIs no longer being required were the most frequently reported reasons for discontinuation. Paliperidone LAI and aripiprazole LAI were the least discontinued medications (33.9 and 35.4% respectively) whereas more than half of participants initiating risperidone LAI and olanzapine LAI discontinued during the 12 months of follow-up (51.4 and 62.5% respectively). In multivariate analysis being prescribed olanzapine LAI and poor medication adherence at baseline were signifcantly associated with higher discontinuation risk.HumanAntipsychotic Agentsmedicine.drugPsychopathologyAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyDiscontinuationFollow-Up StudieMedication Adherence03 medical and health sciencesmedicineHumansPaliperidoneAdverse effectSettore MED/25 - Psichiatriadiscontinuation ratesPsychiatric Status Rating Scalesrespectively). In multivariate analysisbusiness.industryLong-Acting Antipsychoticlong-acting injectable antipsychoticsSurvival AnalysisConfidence intervalparticipant refusal to continue LAIs and LAIs no longer being required were the most frequently reported reasons for discontinuation. Paliperidone LAI and aripiprazole LAI were the least discontinued medications (33.9 and 35.4%030227 psychiatryDiscontinuationProspective StudieAntipsychotic Agentoccurring in almost 40% of the entire sampleDelayed-Action PreparationsNeurology (clinical)business030217 neurology & neurosurgerybeing prescribed olanzapine LAI and poor medication adherence at baseline were signifcantly associated with higher discontinuation riskFollow-Up Studies
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Effects of risperidone on conditioned avoidance responding in male mice

1998

The effects of risperidone (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) on active avoidance behaviour of BALB/C mice were explored in three acquisition sessions and in one subsequent performance session. In the acquisition phase, risperidone-treated animals showed a decrease in avoidances and in crossings in the adaptation period and in the intertrial intervals (ITIs), and an increase in non-responses; intermediate and high doses also decreased defecation. In the performance phase, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg risperidone decreased avoidance responses, crossings in the adaptation period and ITI crossing, which also decreased with 0.1 mg/kg. Moreover, 0.5 mg/kg of risperidone increased escape responses and 1 mg/kg increased n…

MalePharmacologyMice Inbred BALB Cmedicine.medical_specialtyRisperidonebusiness.industryMale miceRisperidoneMicePsychiatry and Mental healthEndocrinologyAvoidance behaviourInternal medicineAvoidance LearningmedicineHigh dosesDecreased defecationAnimalsDefecationbusinessPsychomotor PerformanceAntipsychotic Agentsmedicine.drugBehavioural Pharmacology
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Identifying extended psychosis phenotypes at school: Associations with socio-emotional adjustment, academic, and neurocognitive outcomes

2020

The main goal of the present study was to explore the latent structure of extended psychosis phenotypes in a representative sample of adolescents. Moreover, associations with socio-emotional adjustment, academic achievement, and neurocognition performance across the latent profiles were compared. Participants were 1506 students, 667 males (44.3%), derived from random cluster sampling. Various tools were used to measure psychosis risk, subjective well-being, academic performance, and neurocognition. Based on three psychometric indicators of psychosis risk (schizotypal traits, psychotic-like experiences, and bipolar-like experiences), four latent classes were found: non-risk, low-risk, high r…

MalePsychometricsEpidemiologyEmotionsSocial SciencesAcademic achievementAcademic SkillsAdolescentsFamilies0302 clinical medicineSociologySurveys and QuestionnairesAcademic PerformanceMedicine and Health SciencesPsychologyChildrenMultidisciplinarySchoolsIncidence (epidemiology)QRPhenotypeMedicineFemalePsychologyClinical psychologyResearch ArticlePsychosisPsychometricsAdolescentScienceMEDLINENeurocognitive DisordersChild WelfareEmotional AdjustmentEducationSchizotypal Personality Disorder03 medical and health sciencesYoung AdultMental Health and PsychiatrymedicineHumansStudentsSocio emotionalCognitive PsychologyPsychosesBiology and Life Sciencesmedicine.diseaseMental health030227 psychiatryPsychotic DisordersAge GroupsMedical Risk FactorsPeople and PlacesCognitive SciencePopulation GroupingsSelf ReportNeurocognitive030217 neurology & neurosurgeryNeurosciencePLoS ONE
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Examining the course of hallucinatory experiences in children and adolescents: A systematic review

2011

Abstract Background Childhood and adolescence represent the periods during which hallucinatory experiences occur at the greatest prevalence, and also constitute a critical window of vulnerability for the pathogenesis of psychotic disorders. The longitudinal course of hallucinatory experiences during late childhood and adolescence, as well as their relationship to psychotic disorders, has never been the subject of review. Methods We followed the PRISMA guidelines for conducting systematic reviews and combined the use of electronic and manual systematic search methods. Data were extracted upon pre-defined requested items and were analyzed using several epidemiological measures. The interpreta…

MalePsychosismedicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentHallucinationsmedicine.diseaseLate childhoodDiscontinuationLongitudinal CoursePsychiatry and Mental healthSystematic reviewPsychotic DisordersEpidemiologyDisease ProgressionmedicineHumansFemaleChildPsychologyPsychiatryBiological PsychiatryClinical psychologySystematic searchSchizophrenia Research
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The deficit syndrome in schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic patients: preliminary studies.

1995

One hundred and eighty-seven patients suffering from DSM-III-R schizophrenia, schizoaffective, schizophreniform (psychotic group), unipolar, bipolar and other disorders were interviewed 5 years after discharge. Deficiencies were assessed by means of the Schedule for Deficit Syndrome (SDS) and the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Binocular thresholds for discomfort to high luminances (TDHL) were assessed in 17 patients with a deficit syndrome. Results suggest that patients with psychotic disorders are in a high-risk group for deficit syndrome. Nevertheless, 9-28% and 9-30% of the 'nonpsychotic' group according to the SANS and the SDS, respectively, showed primary enduring ne…

MalePsychosismedicine.medical_specialtyLightbehavioral disciplines and activitiesSeverity of Illness Indexmental disordersmedicineHumansBipolar disorderPsychiatryDepression (differential diagnoses)Negative symptomChronobiology PhenomenaPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesDepressive DisorderMiddle Agedmedicine.diseasePsychiatry and Mental healthClinical PsychologySchizoaffective psychosisStimulus luminancePsychotic DisordersSchizophreniaSchizophreniaFemaleSchizophrenic PsychologyPsychologyAnxiety disorderPsychopathology
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