Search results for "Pulmonary Disease"
showing 10 items of 360 documents
The microbiome in respiratory medicine: current challenges and future perspectives
2017
The healthy lung has previously been considered to be a sterile organ because standard microbiological culture techniques consistently yield negative results. However, culture-independent techniques report that large numbers of microorganisms coexist in the lung. There are many unknown aspects in the field, but available reports show that the lower respiratory tract microbiota: 1) is similar in healthy subjects to the oropharyngeal microbiota and dominated by members of the Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria phyla; 2) shows changes in smokers and well-defined differences in chronic respiratory diseases, although the temporal and spatial kinetics of these changes are only partially…
Bacterial-viral load and the immune response in stable and exacerbated COPD: significance and therapeutic prospects.
2016
Silvestro Ennio D’Anna,1 Bruno Balbi,2 Francesco Cappello,3,4 Mauro Carone,2 Antonino Di Stefano21Department of Rehabilitation, Cardiorespiratory Unit, Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio di Cefalù, 2Pneumology Unit and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of Heart and Lung, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno (NO) and Cassano delle Murge (BA), 3Human Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; 4Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, ItalyAbstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent airflow limitation and an abnormal inflammatory respon…
Bronchial inflammation and bacterial load in stable COPD is associated with TLR4 overexpression.
2017
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are two major forms of innate immune sensors but their role in the immunopathology of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is incompletely studied. Our objective here was to investigate TLR and NLR signalling pathways in the bronchial mucosa in stable COPD.Using immunohistochemistry, the expression levels of TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, NOD1, NOD2, CD14, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), Toll-interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP), and the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases phospho-IRAK1 and IRAK4 were measured in the bronchial muc…
Vitamin A Deficiency and the Lung.
2018
Vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) is a fat-soluble micronutrient which together with its natural derivatives and synthetic analogues constitutes the group of retinoids. They are involved in a wide range of physiological processes such as embryonic development, vision, immunity and cellular differentiation and proliferation. Retinoic acid (RA) is the main active form of vitamin A and multiple genes respond to RA signalling through transcriptional and non-transcriptional mechanisms. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a remarkable public health problem. An adequate vitamin A intake is required in early lung development, alveolar formation, tissue maintenance and regeneration. In fact, chronic VAD has b…
The respiratory virome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
2018
Aim: To characterize the respiratory virome in moderate/severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients using metagenomics, with healthy subjects as the reference. Patients & Methods: Sputum COPD samples were collected during stability and exacerbations with negative usual-care microbiologic analysis. Results: Eukaryotic viruses from the Anelloviridae, Herpesviridae and Retroviridae families and phages from the Shiphoviridae family were commonly found in COPD, and the respiratory virome in stability and noninfectious exacerbations showed a substantial similarity. DNA viruses with the highest relative abundance in COPD are Anelloviridae. Conclusion: These results support a …
The role of extracellular calcium in bone metastasis
2016
AbstractThis review summarizes the role of extracellular calcium, as found present in the bone tissue, in the process of bone metastasis.
Cigarette Smoke Increases Endothelial CXCL16-Leukocyte CXCR6 Adhesion In Vitro and In Vivo. Potential Consequences in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary D…
2017
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major comorbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although the mechanism of its development remains largely unknown, it appears to be associated with cigarette consumption and reduced lung function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential link between water-soluble cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced endothelial dysfunction and the function of CXCL16/CXCR6 axis on the initial attachment of leukocytes, in addition to its possible impact on COPD-associated systemic inflammation. To do this, we employed several experimental approaches, including RNA silencing and flow cytometry analysis, the dynamic flow chamber tec…
Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibition Alleviates Pulmonary Hypertension and Basal Lamina Thickening in Rats Challenged by Chronic Hypoxia
2018
javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@6f8948ff Hypoxia represents both an outcome of cardiopulmonary diseases and a trigger for severe pulmonary complications as pulmonary hypertension. Because nitric oxide (NO) is a critical mediator in the development of pulmonary hypertension, the modulators of its downstream function may become target of pharmacological interventions aimed at alleviating the impact of this condition. Here, we investigate the effects of an early administration of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor in rats where pulmonary artery hypertension was induced by chronic exposure to hypoxia. javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@162dc677 Rats were divided into three groups: normoxic control, hypoxic with …
Impact of smoking on COVID-19 outcomes: a HOPE Registry subanalysis
2021
BackgroundSmoking has been associated with poorer outcomes in relation to COVID-19. Smokers have higher risk of mortality and have a more severe clinical course. There is paucity of data available on this issue, and a definitive link between smoking and COVID-19 prognosis has yet to be established.MethodsWe included 5224 patients with COVID-19 with an available smoking history in a multicentre international registry Health Outcome Predictive Evaluation for COVID-19 (NCT04334291). Patients were included following an in-hospital admission with a COVID-19 diagnosis. We analysed the outcomes of patients with a current or prior history of smoking compared with the non-smoking group. The primary …
Salmeterol Xinafoate (SX) loaded into mucoadhesive solid lipid microparticles for COPD treatment
2019
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the main health problems worldwide. It is characterised by chronic inflammation in the lungs that leads to progressive, chronic, largely irreversible airflow obstruction. The use of long-acting β agonists remain today the frontline treatment for COPD with the aim of minimizing side effects and enhancing therapeutic usefulness. To this purpose, in this paper, mucoadhesive solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) containing a long-acting β-2 agonist, Salmeterol Xinafoate (SX) were prepared, characterised (size, z-potential, aerodynamic diameter, turbidimetric evaluations, drug loading and entrapping efficiency) and tested in a model of bronchial…