Search results for "Punishment"
showing 10 items of 88 documents
Modelos animales de adicción a las drogas
2017
El desarrollo de modelos animales de refuerzo y adicción a las drogas es imprescindible para el avance en el conocimiento de las bases biológicas de este trastorno y la identificación de nuevas dianas terapéuticas. En función del componente del refuerzo que deseemos estudiar podemos servirnos de un tipo de modelos animales u otros. Podemos utilizar modelos de refuerzo basados en el efecto hedónico primario que produce el consumo de la sustancia adictiva, como los modelos de autoadministración (AA) y autoestimulación eléctrica intracraneal (AEIC), o modelos basados en el componente relacionado con el aprendizaje asociativo y la capacidad cognitiva de realizar predicciones sobre la obtención …
Premis, càstigs i educació
2008
Els autors defensen que el costum i la llei confi guren la legalitat i la moralitat socials i determinen el nostre comportament, alhora que qüestionen els resultats 'esperats' de l'aplicació mecànica dels premis i càstigs en educació. Distingeixen el control extern 'supervisió' i l'intern 'motivació' en l'esdevenir dels comportaments analitzats, en relació a l'aplicació d'aquelles sancions i tot seguit aborden l'estudi monogràfi c des del conductisme, des del cognitivisme i des de la perspectiva moral. Ara aborden la complexitat contextual de la intervenció pedagògica i les alternatives possibles des dels plantejaments actitudinals dels subjectes, per concloure que els premis tenen la fi na…
The role of punishment in the works of Adam Smith
2009
The reformation of criminal justice is one of the great themes in Enlightenment culture and concerned its main exponents from Montesquieu to Beccaria, Filangieri, Bentham. One of the traits of greater modernity in the theories worked out by juridical Enlightenment is the resort to the utilitarianinspired economic analysis. Adam Smith doesn't back out of this scientific and civil commitment, but his doctrine appears significantly different though contemporary to juridical Enlightenment, and is also based on economic argumentations. In this work we will look through the main writings which contain the Smithian thought in search of those parts dealing with the theme of punishment and its socia…
The Cycle of Violence: Examining Attitudes Toward and Experiences of Corporal Punishment in a Representative German Sample
2018
The use of corporal punishment (CP) is controversial despite the negative consequences of its use that have been documented. Consequences include the use of CP by those who experienced CP themselves, described in the theory of the cycle of violence. There are little data on the cycle of violence, especially on those who break it and in representative samples. This study examines the cycle of violence in a representative sample by analyzing experiences of and attitudes toward CP. Attitudes toward, and own experiences of, CP by their parents were assessed in a sample of 2,519 individuals (female 54.6%, age range = 14-99 years, M = 48.9 years). Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify…
Driving under the influence of alcohol: frequency, reasons, perceived risk and punishment
2015
Background The aim of this study was to gain information useful to improve traffic safety, concerning the following aspects for DUI (Driving Under the Influence): frequency, reasons, perceived risk, drivers' knowledge of the related penalties, perceived likelihood of being punished, drivers’ perception of the harshness of punitive measures and drivers’ perception of the probability of behavioral change after punishment for DUI. Methods A sample of 1100 Spanish drivers, 678 men and 422 women aged from 14 to 65 years old, took part in a telephone survey using a questionnaire to gather sociodemographic and psychosocial information about drivers, as well as information on enforcement, clustered…
Parenting in the face of serious illness: Childhood cancer survivors remember different rearing behavior than the general population
2019
Objective A child's cancer diagnosis and treatment affect the whole family. While it has been recognized that parents are an important resource for their children, little is known about the specifics of parenting in the face of serious illness. Methods We used the Recalled Parental Rearing Behavior Questionnaire in a register-based cohort of adult childhood cancer survivors (CCS) (N = 951) and a representative population sample of the same age range (N = 2042). The questionnaire assesses behavior of mothers and fathers with three scales (emotional warmth, rejection/punishment, and control/overprotection) by querying the (former) child. We compared the two groups using general linear models.…
BOOK REVIEWS: Bernard E. Harcourt , The Illusion of Free Markets; Punishment and the Myth of Natural Order
2015
The review presents the book The Illusion of Free Markets; Punishment and the Myth of Natural Order describing the contents and showing its historiographical view on the link between the market and legal order.
Acetaldehyde as a drug of abuse: insight into AM281 administration on operant-conflict paradigm in rats
2013
Increasing evidence focuses on acetaldehyde (ACD) as the mediator of the rewarding and motivational properties of ethanol. Indeed, ACD stimulates dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens and it is self-administered under different conditions. Besides the dopaminergic transmission, the endocannabinoid system has been reported to play an important role in ethanol central effects, modulating primary alcohol rewarding effect, drug-seeking and relapse behaviour. Drug motivational properties are highlighted in operant paradigms which include response-contingent punishment, a behavioural equivalent of compulsive drug use despite adverse consequences. The aim of this study was thus to characterize…
Beliefs in the necessity of corporal punishment of children and public perceptions of child physical abuse as a social problem.
2008
Is It Considered Violence? The Acceptability of Physical Punishment of Children in Europe
2008
This study analyzes correlates of the acceptability of physical punishment of children in Europe. The design was a three-level ordinal logistic regression of 10,812 people nested within 208 localities (cities), nested within 14 countries of the European Union. Results showed that higher levels of acceptability were reported by men, the older, the less educated, and those who perceived that violence against children was less frequent in their own country. At the country level, the existence of laws prohibiting physical punishment of children as well as a lower number of child maltreatment deaths were significantly associated with lower levels of acceptability of physical punishment of childr…