Search results for "Référence"
showing 10 items of 69 documents
Développement de l'oralité et du goût : liens avec l'allergie ?
2020
International audience
Comprendre le développement précoce du comportement et des préférences alimentaires chez les enfants
2015
Les préférences alimentaires, comme beaucoup de comportements, s'apprennent, sous l'effet des expériences. Ayant étudié depuis plus de 15 ans les préférences alimentaires des enfants, je montrerai le fruit de nos recherches sous une forme ludique, en expliquant comment faire aimer les légumes aux enfants à partir des résultats obtenus dans le cadre de l'étude OPALINE (Observatoire des Préférences Alimentaires du Nourrisson et de l'Enfant). J'expliquerai l'importance des premiers apprentissages alimentaires lors de la grossesse et de l'allaitement, au travers des expositions aux arômes des aliments consommés par la mère, puis à partir de la diversification alimentaire, sous l'effet de l'expo…
COMPORTEMENT ALIMENTAIRE : comment se forme le goût ? Quelles influences « externes » au cours du développement ?
2018
Développement des préférences alimentaires : Faire aimer l'amertume ?
2018
Le comportement et les préférences alimentaires sont appris, essentiellement durant les premières années de vie, sous l'effet des expériences alimentaires. Nous chercherons ici à décrire les conditions de ces apprentissages précoces, ainsi que les facteurs susceptibles de les influencer en analysant en particulier l'influence des propriétés sensorielles des aliments telles que les saveurs, les arômes et les textures. Les apprentissages en lien avec la flaveur des aliments (saveurs et arômes) peuvent avoir lieu dès la grossesse et la lactation, à travers l'exposition du foetus puis du nourrisson aux flaveurs des aliments ingérés par la mère, qui sont susceptibles de parfumer le liquide amnio…
Xenohormones and oral homeostasis : impact on taste preferences and salivary glands
2012
Oral homeostasis strongly influences taste perceptions. It depends on a healthy oral epithelium and salivary gland secretions, which are both regulated by sex hormones. The aim of this thesis was to identify the effect of an oral exposure to Bisphenol A, a food packaging and dental sealer component, and of a soy-diet containing phytoestrogens on oral homeostasisTwo experiments were conducted in adult rats: a dose-response study of BPA (5μg 12.5 mg / kj / day), and a study about the impact of a soy-diet on the BPA disrupting effects. By using gustation choice tests, and histological and qPCR-TR molecular approach, we identify for the first time an action of BPA on dry mouth. We found that BP…
Economic analysis of prevention : prevention supply, incentives and preferences in french private medical practice
2011
The traditional approach of the economics of prevention is built around a demand-side logic. This provides fruitful insights about consumer behaviour and public policies related to prevention, but it has nothing to say about the supply side of prevention. The present thesis aims at developing the economics of prevention from the supply-side, in particular the production of services by ambulatory physicians, and to study the incentives to prevention and the preferences of these medical care producers. An institutional analysis enables to underline the obstacles limiting the supply of prevention by French doctors, and shows that it is necessary to develop incentives mechanisms to increase thi…
Les comportements préalables à la prise lactée chez le souriceau : caractérisation de sécrétions maternelles réactogènes et implication de l'expérien…
2012
Birth is one of the most delicate periods mammalian infants have to deal with. Newborns have then to adapt physiologically and behaviorally to the aerial environment, and one of their first challenges is to ingest colostrum and milk. It is paradoxical that the survival of pups is conditioned by the success of this first suckling, and that we have so little understanding of the stimuli that underlie and promote it. Thus, the present work aims to contribute to answer how immature and naïve newborns do manage to orient to a nipple, to grasp it, and to suckle efficiently? This general issue will be addressed in the mouse in focusing on: i) the nature of the chemical substrates that newborn mice…
The study of calcium signaling in lipid gustatory cells in mice
2012
The lipid-binding glycoprotein CD36, expressed by circumvallate papillae (CVP) of the mouse tongue, has been shown to be implicated in oro-gustatory perception of dietary lipids. We demonstrate that linoleic acid (LA) by activating sPLA2, cPLA2 and iPLA2 via CD36, produced arachidonic acid (AA) and lyso-phosphatidylcholine (Lyso-PC) which triggered Ca2+ influx in CD36-positive taste bud cells (TBC), purified from mouse CVP. LA induced the production of Ca2+ influx factor (CIF). CIF, AA and Lyso-PC exerted different actions on the opening of store-operated Ca2+ (SOC) channels, constituted of Orai proteins and regulated by STIM1, a sensor of Ca2+ depletion in the endoplasmic reticulum. We use…
Développement de méthodes de référence pour les biomarqueurs du bilan lipidique : application au contrôle qualité en biologie clinique
2013
Reliable measurements in medical biology are essential for early screening and appropriate follow-up of patients. Ensuring metrological traceability of clinical measurements to higher order reference methods or certified reference materials enables to obtain comparable results over time and between different laboratories that could use different methods to quantify the same biomarker.In this study, reference methods were developed and validated for lipid profile biomarkers (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, and LDL-C). Their value added in proficiency testing schemes was demonstrated against consensus mean. They were also used to characterize a certified reference material (CRM) that…
Is the improvement of the nutritional quality compatible with the maintenance of the sensory quality? : the example of biscuits
2013
French biscuit producers are willing to improve the nutritional composition of their products. The. objective of this work was to determine whether it was possible while maintaining the sensory. quality of the reduced product. The first study dealt with the impact of fat and sugar reduction on liking and sensory perception of. 9 types of biscuits and cakes. Results show that children perceived almost no difference and liked. equally the standard and the fat- and/or sugar-reduced variants for most types of biscuits. For. products reduced without adding polyols, adults less like fat- or sugar-reduced variants than. standard ones mainly when they were perceived as less sweet, and to a lesser e…